Abonnement der Sezession
Editorial Kolumnen Bild und Text Uniform oder Kostüm? Grundlagen Masse und Macht – über Elias Canetti Soft power – sanfte, flexible, subtile Macht Handlungsanleitung für Putschisten Verfassungsputsch – Die Macht des Geistes Thesen zur Skandalokratie Machterhalt – Machtfragen – eine Sammlung Debatte Günther Grass – ein Machtdiskurs Bücher Briefe aus feindlicher Nähe – Rezensionen Vermischtes Briefe |
samedi, 15 septembre 2012
Aleksandr Dugin: Liberalism, Communism, Fascism, and the Fourth Political Theory
Aleksandr Dugin: Liberalism, Communism, Fascism, and the Fourth Political Theory
00:10 Publié dans Actualité, Nouvelle Droite, Théorie politique | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : nouvelle droite, russie, alexandre douguine, fascisme, libéralisme, théorie politique, sciences politiques, histoire, politologie | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
dimanche, 22 juillet 2012
Sex & Derailment
Sex & Derailment
By Michael O'Meara
Guillaume Faye
Sexe et dévoiement[Sex and Perversion — Ed.]
Éditions du Lore , 2011Four years after Guillaume Faye’s La Nouvelle question juive [3] (The New Jewish Question, 2007) alienated many of his admirers and apparently caused him to retreat from identitarian and Euro-nationalist arenas, his latest work signals a definite return, reminding us of why he remains one of the most creative thinkers opposing the system threatening the white race.
In this 400-page book, which is an essay and not a work of scholarship, Monsieur Faye’s main concern is the family, and the catastrophic impact the rising number of divorces and broken households is having on white demographic renewal. In linking family decline to its demographic (and civilizational) consequences, he situates his subject in terms of the larger social pathologies associated with the ‘inverted’ sexuality now disfiguring European life. These pathologies include the de-virilization and feminization of white men, the normalization of homosexuality, feminist androgyny, Third World colonization, spreading miscegenation, the loss of bio-anthropological norms (like the blond Jesus) – and all that comes with the denial of biological realities.
At the core of Faye’s argument is the contention that sexuality constitutes a people’s fundament – by conditioning its reproduction and ensuring its longevity. It is key, as such, to any analysis of contemporary society.
As the ethologist Konrad Lorenz and the physical anthropologist/social theorist Arnold Gehlen (both of whom have influenced Faye) have demonstrated, there is nothing automatic or spontaneous in human sexuality, as it is in other animals. Man’s body may be like those of the higher mammals, but it is also a cultural, plastic one with few governing instincts. Socioeconomic, ideological, and emotional imperatives accordingly play a major role in shaping human behavior, especially in the higher civilizations.
Given, moreover, that humanity is an abstraction, there can be no universal form of sexual behavior, and thus the sexuality, like everything else, of Europeans differs from that of non-Europeans. In the United States and Brazil, for example, the Negro’s sexual practices and family forms are still very unlike those of whites, despite ten generations in these European-founded countries. Every form of sexuality, Faye argues, stems from a specific bioculture (a historically-defined ‘stock’), which varies according to time and place. Human behavior is thus for him always the result of a native, in-born ethno-psychology, historically embodied (or, like now, distorted) in the cultural, religious, and ideological superstructures representing it.
The higher, more creative the culture the more sexuality also tends to depend on fragile, individual factors (desire, libido, self-interest), in contrast to less developed cultures, whose reproduction relies more on collective and instinctive factors. High cultures consequently reproduce less and low cultures more — though the latter suffers far greater infant mortality (an equilibrium upset only in the Twentieth century, when intervening high cultures reduced the infant mortality of the lower cultures, thereby setting off today’s explosive Third World birthrate).
Yet despite all these significant differences and despite the world’s great variety of family forms and sexual customs, the overwhelming majority of peoples and races nevertheless prohibit incest, pedophilia, racially mixed marriages, homosexual unions, and ‘unparented’ children.
By contravening many of these traditional prohibitions in recent decades, Western civilization has embarked on a process of ‘derailment’, evident in the profound social and mental pathologies that follow the inversion of ‘natural’ (i.e., historic or ancient) norms – inversions, not incidentally, that have been legitimized in the name of morality, freedom, equality, etc.
Sexe et dévoiement is an essay, then, about the practices and ideologies currently affecting European sexuality and about how these practices and ideologies are leading Europeans into a self-defeating struggle against nature – against their nature, upon which their biocivilization rests.
I. The Death of the Family
Since the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, numerous forces, expressive of a nihilistic individualism and egalitarianism, have helped undermine the family, bringing it to the critical stage it’s reached today. Of these, the most destructive for Faye has been the ideology of libidinal love (championed by the so-called ‘sexual liberation’ movement of the period), which confused recreational sexuality with freedom, disconnected sex from reproduction, and treated traditional social/cultural norms as forms of oppression.
The Sixties’ ‘liberationists’, the first generation raised on TV, were linked to the New Left, which saw all restraint as oppressive and all individuals as equivalent. Sexual pleasure in this optic was good and natural and traditional sexual self-control bad and unnatural. Convinced that all things were possible, they sought to free desire from the ‘oppressive’ mores of what Faye calls the ‘bourgeois family’.
‘Sexual liberation’, he notes, was ‘Anglo-Saxon’ (i.e., American) in origin, motivated by a puritanism (in the Nineteenth-century Victorian sense of a prudery hostile to eroticism) that had shifted from one extreme to another. Originally, this middle-class, Protestant prudery favored a sexuality whose appetites were formally confined to the ‘bourgeois’ (i.e., the monogamous nuclear) family, which represented a compromise — between individual desire and familial interests — made for the sake of preserving the ‘line’ and rearing children to carry it on.
In the 1960s, when the Boomers came of age, the puritans passed to the other extreme, jettisoning their sexual ‘squeamishness’ and joining the movement to liberate the libido – which, in practice, meant abolishing conjugal fidelity, heterosexual dominance, ‘patriarchy’, and whatever taboos opposed the ‘rationally’ inspired, feel-good ‘philosophy’ of the liberationists. As the Sorbonne’s walls in ’68 proclaimed: ‘It’s prohibited to prohibit’. The ‘rights’ of individual desire and happiness would henceforth come at the expense of all the prohibitions that had formerly made the family viable. (Faye doesn’t mention it, but at the same time American-style consumerism was beginning to take hold in Western Europe, promoting a self-indulgent materialism that favored an egoistic pursuit of pleasure. It can even be argued, though again Faye does not, that the state, in league with the media and the corporate/financial powers, encouraged the permissive consumption of goods, as well as sex, for the sake of promoting the market’s expansion).
If Americans pioneered the ideology of sexual liberation, along with Gay Pride and the porn industry, and continue (at least through their Washingtonian Leviathan) to use these ideologies and practices to subvert non-liberal societies (which is why the Russians have rebuffed ‘international opinion’ to suppress Gay Pride Parades), a significant number of ‘ordinary’ white Americans nevertheless lack their elites’ anti-traditional sexual ideology. (Salt Lake City here prevails over Las Vegas).
Europeans, by contrast, have been qualitatively more influenced by the ‘libertine revolutionaries’, and Faye’s work speaks more to them than to Americans (though it seems likely that what Europeans are experiencing will sooner or later be experienced in the United States).
Against the backdrop, then, of Sixties-style sexual liberation, which sought to uproot the deepest traditions and authorities for the sake of certain permissive behaviors, personal sexual relations were reconceived as a strictly individualistic and libidinal ‘love’ – based on the belief that this highly inflated emotional state was too important to limit to conjugal monogamy. Marriages based on such impulsive sexual attractions and the passionate ‘hormonal tempests’ they set off have since, though, become the tomb not just of stable families, but increasingly of Europe herself.
For with this permissive cult of sexualized love that elevates the desires of the solitary individual above his communal and familial attachments (thereby lowering all standards), there comes another kind of short-sighted, feel-good liberal ideology that wars on social, national, and collective imperatives: the cult of human rights, whose flood of discourses and laws promoting brotherhood, anti-racism, and the love of the Other are synonymous with de-virilizition, ethnomaschoism, and the destruction of Europe’s historic identity.
Premised on the primacy of romantic love (impulsive on principle), sexual liberation has since destroyed any possibility of sustaining stable families. (Think of Tristan and Iseult). For its sexualization of love (this ‘casino of pleasure’) may be passionate, but it is also transient, ephemeral, and compelled by a good deal of egoism. Indeed, almost all sentiments grouped under the rubric of love, Faye contends, are egoistic and self-interested. Love in this sense is an investment from which one expects a return – one loves to be loved. A family of this kind is thus one inclined to allow superficial or immediate considerations to prevail over established, time-tested ones. Similarly, the rupture of such conjugal unions seems almost unavoidable, for once the pact of love is broken – and a strictly libidinal love always fades – the union dissolves.
The subsequent death of the ‘oppressive’ bourgeois family at the hands of the Sixties’ emancipation movements has since given rise to such civilizational achievements as unstable stepfamilies, no-fault divorce, teenage mothers, single-parent homes, abandoned children, a dissembling and atavistic ‘cult of the child’ (which esteems the child as a ‘noble savage’ rather than as a being in need of formation), parity with same-sex, unisex ideology, a variety of new sexual categories, and an increasingly isolated and frustrated individual delivered over almost entirely to his own caprices.
The egoism governing such love-based families produces few children and, to the degree even that married couples today want children, it seems to Faye less for the sake of sons and daughters to continue the ‘line’ and more for the sake of a baby to pamper – a sort of adjunct to their consumerism – something like a living toy. Given that the infant is idolized in this way, parents feel little responsibility for disciplining (or ‘parenting’) him.
Lacking self-control and an ethic of obedience, the child’s development is consequently compromised and his socialization neglected. These post-Sixties’ families also tend to be short lived, which means children are frequently traumatized by their broken homes, raised by single parents or in stepfamilies, where their intellectual development is stunted and their blood ties confused. However, without stable families and a sense of lineage, all sense of ethnic or national consciousness — or any understanding of why miscegenation and immigration ought to be opposed – are lost. The destruction of stable families, Faye surmises, bears directly on the present social-sexual chaos, the prevailing sense of meaninglessness, and the impending destruction of Europe’s racial stock.
Against the sexual liberationists, Faye upholds the model of the bourgeois family, which achieved a workable compromise between individual desire and social/familial preservation (despite the fact that it was, ultimately, the individualism of bourgeois society, in the form of sexual liberation, that eventually terminated this sort of family).
Though, perhaps, no longer sustainable, the stable couples the old bourgeois family structure supported succeeded in privileging familial and communal interests over amorous ones, doing so in ways that favored the long-term welfare of both the couple and the children. Conjugal love came, as a result, to be impressed with friendship, partnership, and habitual attachments, for the couple was defined not as a self-contained amorous symbiosis, but as the pillar of a larger family architecture. This made conjugal love moderate and balanced rather than passionate — sustained by habit, tenderness, interest, care of the children, and la douceur du foyer. Sexual desire remained, but in most cases declined in intensity or dissipated in time.
This family structure was also extraordinarily stable. It assured the lineage, raised properly-socialized children, respected women, and won the support of law and custom. There were, of course, compromises and even hypocrisies (as men, for instance, satisfied certain of their libidinal urgings in brothels), but in any case the family, the basic cell of society, was protected – even privileged.
The great irony of sexual liberation and its ensuing destruction of the bourgeois family is that it has obviously not brought greater happiness or freedom, but rather greater alienation and misery. In this spirit, the media now routinely (almost obsessively) sexualizes the universe, but sex has become more virtual than real: there’s more pornography, but fewer children. It seems hardly coincidental, then, that once the ‘rights’ of desire were emancipated, sex took on a different meaning, the family collapsed, sexual identity got increasingly confused, perversions and transgressions became greater and more serious. As everyone set off in pursuit of an illusive libidinal fulfillment, the population became correspondently more atomized, uprooted, and miscegenated. In France today, 30 percent of all adults are single and there are even reports of a new ‘asexuality’ – in reaction to the sexualization of everything.
There’s a civilization-destroying tragedy here: for once Europeans are deprived of their family lineage, they cease to transmit their cultural and genetic heritage and thus lose all sense of who they are. This is critical to everything else. As the historians Michael Mitterauer and Reinhard Sieder write: ‘The family is one of the most archaic forms of social community, and at all times men have used their family as a model for the formation of human societies’. The loss of family stability, and thus the family’s loss as society’s basic cell, Faye emphasizes, not only dissolves social relations, it brings disorder and makes all tyrannies possible, for once sexual emancipation helps turn society into a highly individualized, Balkanized mass, totalitarianism (not Soviet or Fascist, but US Progressive) becomes increasingly likely.
II. The Idolization of Homosexuality
Homophilia and feminism are the most important children of the cultural revolution. They share, as such, much of the same ideological baggage that denies biological realities and wars on the family, conforming in this way to the consumerist and homogenizing dictates of the post-Rooseveltian international order that’s dominated North America and Western Europe for the last half century or so.
In the late 1960s, when homosexuals began demanding legal equality, Faye claims they were fully within their rights. Homosexuality in his view is a genetic abnormality (affecting less than 5 percent of males) and thus an existential affliction; he thus doesn’t object to homosexuals practicing their sexuality within the privacy of their bedroom. What he finds objectionable is the confusion of private and public realms and the assertion of homophilia as a social norm. Worse, he claims that in much elite discourse, homosexuals have quickly gone from being pariahs to privileged beings, who now flaunt their alleged ‘superiority’ over heterosexuals, seen as old-fashion, outmoded, ridiculous – like the woman who centers her life on the home and the care of her children rather than on a career – and thus as something bizarre and implicitly opposed to liberal-style ‘emancipation’.
Faye, by no means a prude, contends that female homosexuality is considerably different from and less dysgenic than male homosexuality. Most lesbians, in his view, are bisexual, rather than purely homosexual, and for whatever reason have turned against men. This he sees as a reflection on men. Lesbianism also lacks the same negative civilizational consequence as male homosexuality. It rarely shocked traditional societies because women engaging in homosexual relations retained their femininity. Male homosexuality, by contrast, was considered socially abhorrent, for it violated the nature of masculinity, making men no longer ‘properly’ male and thus something mutant. (To those who invoke the ancient glories of Athens as a counter-argument, Faye, long-time Graeco-Latinist, says that in the period when a certain form of pederasty was tolerated, no adult Greek ever achieved respectability or standing in his community, if not married, devoted to the interests of his family and clan, and, above all, not ‘made of woman’ – i.e., penetrated).
Like feminism, homophilia holds that humans are bisexual at birth and (willfully or not) choose their individual sexual orientation – as if anatomical differences are insignificant and all humans are basically alike, a tabula rasa upon which they are to inscribe their self-chosen ‘destiny’. This view lacks any scientific credibility, to be sure (even if it is professed in our elite universities), and, like anti-racism, it resembles Lysenkoism in denying those biological realities incompatible with the reigning dogmas. (Facts, though, have rarely stood in the way of faith or ideology – or, in the secular Twentieth century, ideologies that have become religious faiths).
Even when assuming the mantle of its allegedly progressive and emancipatory pretensions, homophilia, like sexual liberation in general, is entirely self-centered and present-minded, promoting ‘lifestyles’ hostile to family formation and thus to white reproduction. Homophilia marches here hand in hand with anti-racism, denying the significance of biological differences and the imperatives of white reproduction.
This subversive ideology now even aspires to re-invent homosexuals as the flower of society — liberators preparing the way to joy, liberty, fraternity, tolerance, social well-being, good taste, etc. As vice is transformed into virtue, homosexuality allegedly introduces a new sense of play and gaiety to the one-dimensional society of sad, heterosexual males. Only, Faye insists, there’s nothing genuinely gay about the gays, for theirs is a condition of stress and disequilibrium. At odds with their own nature, homosexual sexuality is often a Calvary – and not because of social oppression, but because of those endogenous reasons (particularly their attraction to their own sex) that condemn them to dysgenic behaviors.
In its public display as Gay Pride, homophilia accordingly defines itself as narcissistic, exhibitionist, and infantile – revealing in these characteristics those traits that are perhaps specific to its condition. In any case, a community worthy of itself, Faye tells us, is founded on shared values, on achievements, on origins – but not a dysgenic sexual orientation.
III. Schizophrenic Feminism
The reigning egalitarianism is always extending itself, trying to force the real – in the realms of sexuality, individuality, demography (race), etc. — to conform to its tenets. The demand that women have the same legal rights and opportunities as men, Faye thinks, was entirely just – especially for Europeans (and especially Celtic, Scandinavian, and Germanic Europeans), for their cultures have long respected the humanity of their women. Indeed, he considers legal equality the single great accomplishment of feminism. But once achieved, feminism has since been transformed into a utopian and delirious neo-egalitarianism that makes sexes, like races, equivalent and interchangeable. There is accordingly no such thing as ‘men’s work’ or ‘women’s work’. Human dignity and fullfilment is possible only in doing something that makes money. Faye, though, refuses to equate legal equality with natural equality, for such an ideological muddling denies obvious biological differences, offending both science and common sense.
The dogma that differences between men and women are simply cultural derives from a feminist behaviorism in which women are seen as potential men and femininity is treated as a social distortion. In Simone de Beauvoir’s formulation: One is not born a woman, one becomes one. Feminists, as such, affirm the equality and interchangeability of men and women, yet at the same time they reject femininity, which they consider something inferior and imposed. The feminist model is thus the man, and feminism’s New Woman is simply his ‘photocopy’. In endeavoring to suppress the specifically feminine in this way, feminism aims to masculinize women and feminize men in the image of its androgynous ideal – analogous to the anti-racist ideal of the métis (the mixed race or half-caste). This unisex ideology, in its extremism, characterizes the mother as a slave and the devoted wife as a fool. In practice, it even rejects the biological functions of the female body, aspiring to a masculinism that imitates men and seeks to emulate them socially, politically, and otherwise. Feminism in a word is anti-feminine – anti-mother and anti-family – and ultimately anti-reproduction.
Anatomical differences, however, have consequences. Male humans, like males of other species, always differ from females – given that their biological specification dictates specific behaviors. These human sexual differences may be influenced by culture and other factors. But they nevertheless exist, which means they inevitably affect mind and behavior – despite what the Correctorate wants us to believe.
Male superiority in worldly achievement – conceptual, mathematical, artistic, political, and otherwise — is often explained by female oppression, a notion Faye rejects, though he acknowledges that in many areas of contemporary life, for just or unjust reasons, women do suffer disadvantages – and in many non-white situations outright subjugation. Male physical strength may also enable men to dominate women. But generally, Faye sees a rough equality of intelligence between men and women. Their main differences, he contends, are psychological and characterological, for men tend to be more outwardly oriented than women. As such, they use their intelligence more in competition, innovation, and discovery, linked to the fact that they are usually more aggressive, more competitive, more vain and narcissistic than women — who, by contrast, are more inclined to be emotionally loyal, submissive, prudent, temperate, and far-sighted.
Men and women, though, are better viewed as organic complements, rather than as inferior or superior. From Homer to Cervantes to Mme. de Stäel, the image of women, their realms and their work, however diverse and complicated, have differed from that of men. Women may be able to handle most masculine tasks, but at the same time their disposition differs from men, especially in the realm of creativity.
This is critical for Faye. In all sectors of practical intelligence women perform as well as men – but not in their capacity for imaginative projection, which detaches and abstracts one’s self from contingent reality for the sake of imagining another. This holds in practically all areas: epic poetry, science, invention, religion, cuisine or design. It is not from female brains, he notes, that there have emerged submarines, space flight, philosophical systems, great political and economic theories, and the major scientific discoveries (Mme. Curie being the exception). Most of the great breakthroughs have in fact been made by men and it has had nothing to do with women being oppressed or repressed. Feminine dreams are simply not the same as masculine ones — which search the impossible, the risky, the unreal.
Akin, then, in spirit to homophilia, anti-racism, and Sixties-style sexual liberation, feminism’s rejection of biological realities and its effort to masculinize women end up not just distorting what it supposedly champions – women – it reveals the totally egoistic and present-oriented nature of its ideology, for it rejects women as mothers and thus rejects the reproduction of the race.
IV. Conclusion
Sexe et dévoiement treats a variety of other issues: Christian and Islamic views of sexuality; immigration and the different sexual practices it brings (some of which are extremely primitive and brutal); the necessary role of prostitution in society; and the effect the new bio-technologies are going to have on sexuality.
From the above discussion — of the family, homophilia, and feminism — the reader should already sense the direction Faye’s argument takes, as he relates individual sexuality to certain macro-changes now forcing European civilization off its rails. Because this is an especially illuminating perspective on the decline of the white race (linking demography, civilization, and sex) and one of which there seem too few – I think this lends special pertinence to his essay.
There are not a few historical and methodological criticisms, however, that could be made of Sexe et dévoiement, two of which I find especially dissatisfying. Like the European New Right as a whole, he tends to be overly simplistic in attributing to the secularization of certain Christian notions, like equality and love, the origins of the maladies he depicts. Similarly, he refuses to link cultural/ideological influences to social/economic developments (seeing their causal relationship as essentially one-way instead of dialectical), just as he fails to consider the negative effects that America’s imperial supremacy, with its post-European rules of behavior and its anti-Christian policies, have had on Europe in the last half century.
But after having said that — and after having reviewed [4] many of Guillaume Faye’s works over the last ten years, as well as having read a great many other books in the meantime that have made me more critical of aspects of his thought — I think whatever his ‘failings’, they pale in comparison to the light he sheds on the ethnocidal forces now bearing down on the white race.
American Renaissance, June 29, 2012, http://amren.com/features/2012/06/sex-and-derailment/ [5], revised July 6th
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/07/sex-and-derailment/
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mardi, 17 juillet 2012
Letter to My Friends on Identity & Sovereignty
Letter to My Friends on Identity & Sovereignty
By Dominique Venner
Ex: http://counter-currents.com
Translated by Greg Johnson
When you belong to a nation associated with St. Louis, Philip the Fair, Richelieu, Louis XIV, or Napoleon, a country which in the late 17th century, was called the “great nation” (the most populated and most dangerous), it is cruel to recount the history of repeated setbacks: the aftermath of Waterloo, 1870, 1940, and again in 1962, the ignominious end of French rule in Algeria. A certain pride necessarily suffers.
By the 1930s, many among the boldest French minds had imagined a united Europe as a way to an understanding with Germany and as a solution to the constant decline of France. After the disaster that was World War II (which amplified that of 1914–1918), a project was born that is in itself legitimate. New bloodlettings between the French and Germans should be outlawed forever. The idea was to tie together the two great sister nations of the former Carolingian Empire. First by an economic association (the European Coal and Steel Community), then by a political association. General de Gaulle wanted to make this happen with the Elysée Treaty (January 22, 1963), but the United States, in their hostility, forestalled it by putting pressure on West Germany.
Then came the technocratic globalists who gave us the gas works called the “European Union.” In practice, this is the absolute negation of its name. The fake “European Union” has become the biggest obstacle to a genuine political settlement that respects the particularities of the European peoples of the former Carolingian Empire. Europe, it must be remembered, is primarily a unitary multi-millennial civilization going back to Homer, but it is also a potential power zone and the aspiration for a future that remains to be built.
Why an aspiration to power? Because no European nations today, neither France nor Germany nor Italy, despite brave fronts, are sovereign states any longer.
There are three main attributes of sovereignty:
First attribute: the ability to make war and conclude peace. The US, Russia, Israel, or China can. Not France. That was over after the end of the war in Algeria (1962), despite the efforts of General de Gaulle and our nuclear deterrent, which will never be used by France on its own (unless the United States has disappeared, which is unpredictable). Another way to pose the question: for whom are the French soldiers dying in Afghanistan? Certainly not for France, which has no business there, but for the United States. We are the auxiliaries of the USA. Like Germany and Italy, France is a vassal state of the great Atlantic suzerain power. It is best to face this to recover our former pride.
Second attribute of sovereignty: control of territory and population. Ability to distinguish between one’s own people and others . . . We know the reality is that the French state, by its policy, laws, courts, has organized the “great replacement” of populations, we impose a preference for immigrants and Muslims, with 8 million Arab-Muslims (and more waiting), bearers of another history, another civilization, and another future (Sharia).
Third attribute of sovereignty: one’s own currency. We know what that is.
The agonizing conclusion: France, as a state, is no longer sovereign and no longer has its own destiny. This is a consequence of the disasters of the century of 1914 (the 20th century) and the general decline of Europe and Europeans.
But there is a “but”: if France does not exist as a sovereign state, the French people and nation still exist, despite all efforts to dissolve them into rootless individuals! This is the great destabilizing paradox of the French mind. We were always taught to confuse identity with sovereignty by being taught that the nation is a creation of the state, which, for the French, is historically false.
It is for me a very old topic of discussion that I had previously summarized in an opinion column published in Le Figaro on February 1, 1999 under the title: “Sovereignty is not Identity.” I’ll put it online one day soon for reference.
No, the sovereignty of the state is not to be confused with national identity. France’s universalist tradition and centralist state were for centuries the enemy of the carnal nation and its constituent communities. The state has always acted relentlessly to uproot the French and transform them into the interchangeable inhabitants of a geographic zone. It has always acted to rupture the national tradition. Look at the July 14 celebrations: it celebrates a repugnant uprising, not a great memory of unity. Look at the ridiculous emblem of the French Republic: a plaster Marianne wearing a revolutionary cap. Look at the hideous logos that have been imposed to replace the arms of the traditional regions. Remember that in 1962 the state used all its strength against the French in Algeria, abandoned to their misery. Similarly, today, it is not difficult to see that the state gives preference to immigrants (construction of mosques, legalizing halal slaughter) at the expense of the natives.
There is nothing new in this state of war against the living nation. The Jacobin Republic merely followed the example of the Bourbons, which Tocqueville has demonstrated in The Old Regime and the French Revolution before Taine and other historians. Our textbooks have taught blind admiration for the way the Bourbons crushed “feudalism,” that is to say, the nobility and the communities they represented. What a brilliant policy! By strangling the nobility and rooted communities, this dynasty destroyed the foundation of the old monarchy. Thus, in the late 18th century, the individualistic (human rights) Revolution triumphed in France but failed everywhere else in Europe thanks to the persistence of the feudal system and strong communities. Reread what Renan says in hisIntellectual and Moral Reform in France. The reality is that in France the state is not the defender of the nation. It is a machine of power that has its own logic, willingly lent to the service of the enemies of the nation, having become one of the main agents of the deconstruction of identity.
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/07/letter-to-my-friends-on-identity-and-sovereignty/
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dimanche, 15 juillet 2012
Guillaume Faye on Nietzsche
Guillaume Faye on Nietzsche
Translated by Greg Johnson
Ex: http://www.counter-currents.com
Translator’s Note:
The following interview of Guillaume Faye is from the Nietzsche Académie [2] blog.
How important is Nietzsche for you?
Reading Nietzsche has been the departure point for all values and ideas I developed later. In 1967, when I was a pupil of the Jesuits in Paris, something incredible happened in philosophy class. In that citadel of Catholicism, the philosophy teacher decided to do a year-long course on Nietzsche! Exeunt Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Marx, and others. The good fathers did not dare say anything, despite the upheaval in the program.
It marked me, believe me. Nietzsche, or the hermeneutics of suspicion. . . . Thus, very young, I distanced myself from the Christian, or rather “Christianomorphic,” view of the world. And of course, at the same time, from egalitarianism and humanism. All the analyses that I developed later were inspired by the insights of Nietzsche. But it was also in my nature.
Later, much later, just recently, I understood the need to complete the principles of Nietzsche with those of Aristotle, the good old Apollonian Greek, a pupil of Plato, whom he respected as well as criticized. There is for me an obvious philosophical affinity between Aristotle and Nietzsche: the refusal of metaphysics and idealism, and, crucially, the challenge to the idea of divinity. Nietzsche’s “God is dead” is the counterpoint to Aristotle’s motionless and unconscious god, which is akin to a mathematical principle governing the universe.
Only Aristotle and Nietzsche, separated by many centuries, denied the presence of a self-conscious god without rejecting the sacred, but the latter is akin to a purely human exaltation based on politics or art.
Nevertheless, Christian theologians have never been bothered by Aristotle, but were very much so by Nietzsche. Why? Because Aristotle was pre-Christian and could not know Revelation. While Nietzsche, by attacking Christianity, knew exactly what he was doing.
Nevertheless, the Christian response to this atheism is irrefutable and deserves a good philosophical debate: faith is a different domain than the reflections of philosophers and remains a mystery. I remember, when I was with the Jesuits, passionate debates between my Nietzschean atheist philosophy teacher and the good fathers (his employers) sly and tolerant, sure of themselves.
What book by Nietzsche would you recommend?
The first one I read was The Gay Science. It was a shock. Then Beyond Good and Evil, where Nietzsche overturns the Manichean moral rules that come from Socrates and Christianity. The Antichrist, it must be said, inspired the whole anti-Christian discourse of the neo-pagan Right, in which I was obviously heavily involved.
But it should be noted that Nietzsche, who was raised Lutheran, had rebelled against Christian morality in its purest form represented by German Protestantism, but he never really understood the religiosity and the faith of traditional Catholics and Orthodox Christians, which is quite unconnected to secularized Christian morality.
Oddly, I was never excited by Thus Spoke Zarathustra. For me, it is a rather confused work, in which Nietzsche tried to be a prophet and a poet but failed. A bit like Voltaire, who believed himself clever in imitating the tragedies of Corneille. Voltaire, an author who, moreover, has spawned ideas quite contrary to this “philosophy of the Enlightenment” that Nietzsche (alone) had pulverized.
Being Nietzschean, what does this mean?
Nietzsche would not have liked this kind of question, for he did not want disciples, though . . . (his character, very complex, was not devoid of vanity and frustration, just like you and me). Ask instead: What does it mean to follow Nietzschean principles?
This means breaking with Socratic, Stoic, and Christian principles and modern human egalitarianism, anthropocentrism, universal compassion, and universalist utopian harmony. It means accepting the possible reversal of all values (Umwertung) to the detriment of humanistic ethics. The whole philosophy of Nietzsche is based on the logic of life: selection of the fittest, recognition of vital power (conservation of bloodlines at all costs) as the supreme value, abolition of dogmatic standards, the quest for historical grandeur, thinking of politics as aesthetics, radical inegalitarianism, etc.
That’s why all the thinkers and philosophers — self-appointed, and handsomely maintained by the system — who proclaim themselves more or less Nietzschean, are impostors. This was well understood by the writer Pierre Chassard who on good authority denounced the “scavengers of Nietzsche.” Indeed, it is very fashionable to be “Nietzschean.” Very curious on the part of publicists whose ideology — political correctness and right-thinking — is absolutely contrary to the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.
In fact, the pseudo-Nietzscheans have committed a grave philosophical confusion: they held that Nietzsche was a protest against the established order, but they pretended not to understand that it was their own order: egalitarianism based on a secularized interpretation of Christianity. “Christianomorphic” on the inside and outside. But they believed (or pretended to believe) that Nietzsche was a sort of anarchist, while advocating a ruthless new order. Nietzsche was not, like his scavengers, a rebel in slippers, a phony rebel, but a revolutionary visionary.
Is Nietzsche on the Right or Left?
Fools and shallow thinkers (especially on the Right) have always claimed that the notions of Left and Right made no sense. What a sinister error. Although the practical positions of the Left and Right may vary, the values of Right and Left do exist. Nietzscheanism is obviously on the Right. The socialist mentality, the morality of the herd, made Nietzsche vomit. But that does not mean that thepeople of the extreme Right are Nietzscheans, far from it. For example, they are generally anti-Jewish, a position that Nietzsche castigated and considered stupid in many of his writings, and in his correspondence he singled out anti-Semitic admirers who completely misunderstood him.
Nietzscheanism, obviously, is on the Right, and the Left, always in a position of intellectual prostitution, attempted to neutralize Nietzsche because it could not censor him. To be brief, I would say that an honest interpretation of Nietzsche places him on the side of the revolutionary Right in Europe, using the concept of the Right for lack of anything better (like any word, it describes things imperfectly).
Nietzsche, like Aristotle (and, indeed, like Plato, Kant, Hegel, and Marx, of course — but not at all Spinoza) deeply integrated politics in his thinking. For example, by a fantastic premonition, he was for a union of European nations, like Kant, but from a very different perspective. Kant the pacifist, universalist, and incorrigible utopian moralist, wanted the European Union as it exists today: a great flabby body without a sovereign head with the Rights of Man as its highest principle. Nietzsche, on the contrary, spoke of Great Politics, a grand design for a united Europe. For the moment, it is the Kantian view that has unfortunately been imposed.
On the other hand, the least we can say is that Nietzsche was not a Pan-German, a German nationalist, but rather a nationalistic — and patriotic — European. This was remarkable for a man who lived in his time, the second part of the 19th century (“This stupid 19th century,” said Léon Daudet), which exacerbated as a fatal poison the shabby petty intra-European nationalism that would result in the terrible fratricidal tragedy of 1914 to 1918, when young Europeans from 18 to 25 years, massacred one another without knowing exactly why. Nietzsche the European wanted anything but such a scenario.
That is why those who instrumentalized Nietzsche (in the 1930s) as an ideologue of Germanism are as wrong as those who, today, present him as a proto-Leftist. Nietzsche was a European patriot, and he put the genius of the German soul in the service of European power whose decline, as a visionary, he already sensed.
What authors do you see as Nietzschean?
Not necessarily those who claim Nietzsche. In reality, there are no actual “Nietzschean” authors. Simply, Nietzsche and others are part of a highly fluid and complex current that could be described as a “rebellion against the accepted principles.” On this point, I agree with the view of the Italian philosopher Giorgio Locchi, who was one of my teachers: Nietzsche inaugurated “superhumanism,” that is to say the surpassing of humanism. I’ll stop there, because I will not repeat what I have developed in some of my books, including Why We Fight and Sex and Perversion. One could say that a large number of authors and filmmakers are “Nietzschean,” but this kind of talk is very superficial.
On the other hand, I believe there is a strong link between the philosophy of Nietzsche and Aristotle, despite the centuries that separate them. To say that Aristotle is Nietzschean is obviously an anachronistic absurdity. But to say that Nietzsche’s philosophy continues Aristotle, the errant student of Plato, is a claim I will hazard. This is why I am both Aristotelian and Nietzschean: Because these two philosophers defend the fundamental idea that the supernatural deity must be examined in substance. Nietzsche looks at divinity with a critical perspective like Aristotle’s.
Most writers who call themselves admirers of Nietzsche are impostors. Paradoxically, I link Darwinism and Nietzsche. Those who actually interpret Nietzsche are accused by ideological manipulators of not being real “philosophers.” Even those who want Nietzsche to say the opposite of what he so inconveniently actually said. We must condemn this appropriation of philosophy by a caste of mandarins who proceed to distort the texts of the philosophers, or even censor them. Aristotle has also been a victim. One can read Nietzsche and other philosophers only through a scholarly grid, inaccessible to the common man. But no. Nietzsche is quite readable by any educated man. But our time can read only through the grid of censorship by omission.
Could you give a definition of the Superman?
Nietzsche intentionally gave a vague definition of the Superman. This is an open-ended yet clear concept. Obviously, the pseudo-Nietzschean intellectuals were quick to blur and empty this concept by making the Superman a sort of airy intellectual: detached, haughty, meditative, quasi-Buddhist—the conceited image they have of themselves. In short, the precise opposite of what Nietzsche intended. I am a partisan not of interpreting writers but of reading them, if possible, with the highest degree of respect.
Nietzsche obviously linked the Superman to the notion of Will to Power (which, too, has been manipulated and distorted). The Superman is the model of the man who fulfills the Will to Power, that is to say, who rises above herd morality (and Nietzsche thought socialism was a herd doctrine) to selflessly impose a new order, with two dimensions, warlike and sovereign, aiming at dominion, endowed with a power project. The interpretation of the Superman as a supreme “sage,” a non-violent, ethereal, proto-Gandhi of sorts is a deconstruction of Nietzsche’s thought in order to neutralize and blur it. The Parisian intelligentsia, whose hallmark is a spirit of falsehood, has a sophisticated but evil genius in distorting the thought of annoying but unavoidable great authors (including Aristotle and Voltaire) but also wrongly appropriating or truncating their thought.
There are two possible definitions of the Superman: the mental and the moral Superman (by evolution and education, surpassing his ancestors) and the biological superman. It’s very difficult to decide, since Nietzsche himself has used this expression as a sort of mytheme, a literary trope, without ever truly conceptualizing it. A sort of premonitory phrase, which was inspired by Darwinian evolutionism.
But your question is very interesting. The key is not having an answer “about Nietzsche,” but to know which path Nietzsche wanted to open over a hundred years ago. Because he was anti-Christian and anti-humanist, Nietzsche did not think that man was a fixed being, but that he is subject to evolution, even self-evolution (that is the sense of the metaphor of the “bridge between the beast and the Superman”).
For my part — but then I differ with Nietzsche, and my opinion does not possess immense value — I interpreted superhumanism as a challenge, for reasons partly biological, to the very notion of a human species. Briefly. This concept of the Superman is certainly much more than Will to Power, one of those mysterious traps Nietzsche set, one of the questions he posed to future humanity: Yes, what is the Superman? The very word makes us dreamy and delirious.
Nietzsche may have had the intuition that the human species, at least some of its higher components (not necessarily “humanity”), could accelerate and direct biological evolution. One thing is certain, that crushes the thoughts of monotheistic, anthropocentric “fixists”: man is not an essence that is beyond evolution. And then, to the concept of Übermensch, never forget to add that ofHerrenvolk . . . prescient. Also, we should not forget Nietzsche’s reflections on the question of race and anthropological inequality.
The capture of Nietzsche’s work by pseudo-scientists and pseudo-philosophical schools (comparable to the capture of the works of Aristotle) is explained by the following simple fact: Nietzsche is too big a fish to be eliminated, but far too subversive not to be censored and distorted.
Your favorite quote from Nietzsche?
“We must now cease all forms of joking around.” This means, presciently, that the values on which Western civilization are based are no longer acceptable. And that survival depends on a reversal or restoration of vital values. And all this assumes the end of festivisme (as coined by Philippe Muray and developed by Robert Steuckers) and a return to serious matters.
Source: http://nietzscheacademie.over-blog.com/article-nietzsche-vu-par-guillaume-faye-106329446.html [3]
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/07/guillaume-faye-on-nietzsche/
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vendredi, 06 juillet 2012
Lettre sur l’identité à mes amis souverainistes, par Dominique Venner
Lettre sur l’identité à mes amis souverainistes,
Ex: http://fr.novopress.info/
Quand on appartient à une nation associée à Saint Louis, Philippe le Bel, Richelieu, Louis XIV ou Napoléon, un pays qui, à la fin du XVIIe siècle, était appelé « la grande nation » (la plus peuplée et la plus redoutable), il est cruel d’encaisser les reculs historiques répétés depuis les lendemains de Waterloo, 1870, 1940 et encore 1962, fin ignominieuse de la souveraineté française en Algérie. Une certaine fierté souffre nécessairement.
Dès les années 1930, beaucoup d’esprits français parmi les plus audacieux avaient imaginé trouver dans une Europe à venir en entente avec l’Allemagne, un substitut à cet affaiblissement constant de la France. Après la catastrophe que fut la Seconde Guerre mondiale (qui amplifiait celle de 14-18), naquit un projet légitime en soi. Il fallait interdire à tout jamais une nouvelle saignée mortelle entre Français et Allemands. L’idée était de lier ensemble les deux grands peuples frères de l’ancien Empire carolingien. D’abord par une association économique (la Communauté Européenne du Charbon et de l’Acier), puis par une association politique. Le général de Gaulle voulut concrétiser ce projet par le Traité de l’Elysée (22 janvier 1963), que les Etats-Unis, dans leur hostilité, firent capoter en exerçant des pressions sur la République fédérale allemande.
Ensuite, on est entré dans les dérives technocratiques et mondialistes qui ont conduit à l’usine à gaz appelée “Union européenne”. En pratique, celle-ci est la négation absolue de son appellation. La pseudo “Union européenne” est devenue le pire obstacle à une véritable entente politique européenne respectueuse des particularités des peuples de l’ancien Empire carolingien. L’Europe, il faut le rappeler, c’est d’abord une unité de civilisation multimillénaire depuis Homère, mais c’est aussi un espace potentiel de puissance et une espérance pour un avenir qui reste à édifier.
Pourquoi une espérance de puissance ? Parce qu’aucune des nations européennes d’aujourd’hui, ni la France, ni l’Allemagne, ni l’Italie, malgré des apparences bravaches, ne sont plus des États souverains.
Il y a trois attributs principaux de la souveraineté :
1er attribut : la capacité de faire la guerre et de conclure la paix. Les USA, la Russie, Israël ou la Chine le peuvent. Pas la France. C’est fini pour elle depuis la fin de la guerre d’Algérie (1962), en dépit des efforts du général de Gaulle et de la force de frappe qui ne sera jamais utilisée par la France de son propre chef (sauf si les Etats-Unis ont disparu, ce qui est peu prévisible). Autre façon de poser la question : pour qui donc meurent les soldats français tués en Afghanistan ? Certainement pas pour la France qui n’a rien à faire là-bas, mais pour les Etats-Unis. Nous sommes les supplétifs des USA. Comme l’Allemagne et l’Italie, la France n’est qu’un État vassal de la grande puissance suzeraine atlantique. Il vaut mieux le savoir pour retrouver notre fierté autrement.
2ème attribut de la souveraineté : la maîtrise du territoire et de la population. Pouvoir distinguer entre les vrais nationaux et les autres… On connaît la réalité : c’est l’État français qui, par sa politique, ses lois, ses tribunaux, a organisé le « grand remplacement » des populations, nous imposant la préférence immigrée et islamique avec 8 millions d’Arabo-musulmans (en attendant les autres) porteurs d’une autre histoire, d’une autre civilisation et d’un autre avenir (la charia).
3ème attribut de la souveraineté : la monnaie. On sait ce qu’il en est.
Conclusion déchirante : la France, comme État, n’est plus souveraine et n’a plus de destin propre. C’est la conséquence des catastrophes du siècle de 1914 (le XXe siècle) et du grand recul de toute l’Europe et des Européens.
Mais il y a un « mais » : si la France n’existe plus comme État souverain, le peuple français et la nation existent encore, malgré tous les efforts destinés à les dissoudre en individus déracinés ! C’est le grand paradoxe déstabilisateur pour un esprit français. On nous a toujours appris à confondre l’identité et la souveraineté en enseignant que la nation est une création de l’État, ce qui, pour les Français, est historiquement faux.
C’est pour moi un très ancien sujet de réflexion que j’avais résumé naguère dans une tribune libre publiée dans Le Figaro du 1er février 1999 sous le titre : « La souveraineté n’est pas l’identité ». Je le mettrai en ligne un jour prochain à titre documentaire.
Non, la souveraineté de l’État ne se confond pas avec l’identité nationale. En France, de par sa tradition universaliste et centraliste, l’Etat fut depuis plusieurs siècles l’ennemi de la nation charnelle et de ses communautés constitutives. L’État a toujours été l’acteur acharné du déracinement des Français et de leur transformation en Hexagonaux interchangeables. Il a toujours été l’acteur des ruptures dans la tradition nationale. Voyez la fête du 14 juillet : elle célèbre une répugnante émeute et non un souvenir grandiose d’unité. Voyez le ridicule emblème de la République française : une Marianne de plâtre coiffée d’un bonnet révolutionnaire. Voyez les affreux logos qui ont été imposés pour remplacer les armoiries des régions traditionnelles. Souvenez-vous qu’en 1962, l’État a utilisé toute sa force contre les Français d’Algérie abandonnés à leur malheur. De même, aujourd’hui, il n’est pas difficile de voir que l’État pratique la préférence immigrée (constructions de mosquées, légalisation de la viande hallal) au détriment des indigènes.
Il n’y a rien de nouveau dans cette hargne de l’État contre la nation vivante. La République jacobine n’a fait que suivre l’exemple des Bourbons, ce que Tocqueville a bien montré dans L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution avant Taine et d’autres historiens. Nos manuels scolaires nous ont inculqué une admiration béate pour la façon dont les Bourbons ont écrasé la « féodalité », c’est-à-dire la noblesse et les communautés qu’elle représentait. Politique vraiment géniale ! En étranglant la noblesse et les communautés enracinées, cette dynastie détruisait le fondement de l’ancienne monarchie. Ainsi, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la Révolution individualiste (droits de l’homme) triomphait en France alors qu’elle échouait partout ailleurs en Europe grâce à une féodalité et à des communautés restées vigoureuses. Relisez ce qu’en dit Renan dans sa Réforme intellectuelle et morale de la France (disponible en poche et sur Kindle). La réalité, c’est qu’en France l’État n’est pas le défenseur de la nation. C’est une machine de pouvoir qui a sa logique propre, passant volontiers au service des ennemis de la nation et devenant l’un des principaux agents de déconstruction identitaire.
[cc] Novopress.info, 2012, Dépêches libres de copie et diffusion sous réserve de mention de la source d'origine [http://fr.novopress.info/]00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : souveraineté, souverainisme, identité, dominique venner, europe, européisme, nouvelle droite, mouvement identitaire | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
mercredi, 27 juin 2012
Tekos - nr. 146
Tekos - nr. 146
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Editoriaal
François Brigneau (1919-2012)
door Peter Van Windekens
CasaPound Italia te Antwerpen
door Peter Van Windekens
CasaPound (CP), opgericht op 26 december 2003, is een Italiaanse rechtsradicale politieke en sociale beweging die haar naam ontleent aan de Noord-Amerikaanse dichter, criticus, uitgever en sympathisant van het (Italiaanse) fascisme, Ezra Pound (1885-1972). CP wil een alternatief bieden voor de lopende globaliseringsprocessen en tegen de overheersing van het markt- en consumptiedenken, om aldus een ethiek van volkssoevereiniteit tot stand te brengen. Terzelfdertijd wenst CP plaats te bieden aan collectieve weerstand, uitwerking en actie, waarbij het voor elke persoon mogelijk blijft uitdrukking te geven aan zijn / haar eigen ambities en persoonlijkheid.
Het ontstaan van CP ging gepaard met de bezetting – of noem het “kraken” - van een leegstaand gebouw te Rome, via Napoleone III nr.8, in de multiculturele Esquilinowijk, grenzend aan het Piazza met dezelfde naam, vlakbij het Termini treinstation. Vandaag wonen er 23 families, in totaal 70 personen waarvan 12 kinderen. Aan de hand van meerdere gelijkaardige acties in de hoofdstad alsook in andere Italiaanse steden, door mobilisaties en verschillende initiatieven, heeft CP haar naam kunnen verankeren binnen heel het territorium van het Apennijns Schiereiland.
Derhalve is CP zichtbaar aanwezig in vele Italiaanse steden en kleinere centra van zowat elke regio, van Aosta tot Palermo. In het noorden van Rome palmde men het verlaten treinstation Farneto in om het dra om te dopen tot “Area 19”. Vooral concerten en grote manifestaties vinden er nu hun weg. In het oosten van Rome, meerbepaald in de Alberone wijk, heeft CP het Circolo Futurista uit de grond gestampt, een ideale plek voor theateropvoeringen en tentoonstellingen. In functie hiervan heeft de organisatie, naast een ‘club voor artiesten’, een theaterschool in het leven geroepen. Ook gitaar-, basgitaar- en drumlessen zijn aan CP besteed. De vereniging is zelfs de ‘uitvinder’ van een artistieke trend, het “Turbodinamismo” .....
Afghanistan: een niet te winnen oorlog
door Francis Van den Eynde
Eugene Terre’blanche en de
Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (deel 8)
Door Peter Van Windekens
Deel 7 van de reeks over Eugene Terre’blanche en de Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (zie TeKoS nr.145, p.18-25) omvatte twee thema’s. Het eerste, tevens de minst uitgebreide topic, toonde aan hoe de media in de persoon van de Britse regisseur Nick Broomfield Terre’blanche en zijn aanhangers over de hekel haalden. Ten overstaan van de hele wereld werden zij voor schut gezet als een bende randdebielen. Het tweede thema, dat overigens het merendeel van het artikel uitmaakte, toonde een heel ander aspect van de nationalistische Afrikaner beweging: het extreme militantisme onder de vorm van enerzijds een goed voorbereide wapenroof en anderzijds, maar tevens veel erger: het treffen van doelwitten met bomaanslagen en (vooral) het ombrengen van mensen. Deze keer was het niet de ‘Volksleier’ die alle aandacht voor zich opeiste, dan wel een van zijn naaste medewerkers, de ook reeds vernoemde Piet Rudolph. Deze laatste vormde bovendien de spil van een terroristische organisatie, de ‘Orde Boerevolk’, die niet weinig schade berokkende en/of slachtoffers maakte. Opvallend in dit gedeelte was echter ook dat de meeste betichten, na weliswaar een uitzonderlijk lange voorhechtenis, dienden te worden vrijgelaten bij gebrek aan concrete bewijzen. De rol van Eugene Terre’blanche in deze bijdrage bleef beperkt tot de herhaaldelijke formele ontkenning dat zijn organisatie ook maar iets met de zaak te maken had .....
De groene hoek
door Guy de Maertelaere
Begrafenis van Emil Cioran in Parijs
door Hendrik Carette
Schrijvers en Lezers
door Peter Logghe en Peter Van Windekens
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Revue | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : revue, nouvelle droite, flandre, pays-bas | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
vendredi, 22 juin 2012
E&R Bretagne rencontre Guillaume Faye
00:05 Publié dans Entretiens, Nouvelle Droite | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : guillaume faye, sexualité, nouvelle droite | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
mercredi, 13 juin 2012
Pan-European Preservationism
Pan-European Preservationism
By Ted Sallis
Ex: http://www.counter-currents.com/
As a long-time “pan-Europeanist,” I have read a number of critiques of pan-Europeanism focused on that ideology’s alleged opposition to the preservation of differences that exist between various European peoples. Further, it is said that pan-Europeanism believes that all whites are identical and interchangeable; therefore, the pan-European worldview has been viewed as fundamentally incompatible with intra-European ethnoracial activism. These critics do not distinguish between a pan-Europeanism that does value, and wishes to preserve, intra-European differences and a more panmictic version of pan-Europeanism that does not.
I would argue that—at least theoretically—a person can be, at the same time, both pan-Europeanist and Nordicist, or pan-Europeanism and pan-Slavist, pan-Germanist, ethnic nationalist, etc., so long as the all the latter “ists” in question are of a “defensive” nature, and that the pan-Europeanism respects and values narrower particularisms. Of course, even if this is true, it is natural to expect that certain levels of ethnic interests[1] would be more important to an activist than others (e.g., a Russian may be a Russian nationalist first, a pan-Slavist second, and a pan-Europeanist third).
More importantly, even if this melding of activist identities does not often occur in the real world, it should, at minimum, be possible for individuals identifying themselves solely as pan-European or Nordicist or pan-Slavic or pan-German or Basque nationalist-separatist or English/British nationalist to productively and respectfully work together to achieve common objectives, even if there are important points of disagreement remaining between them. Indeed, a British nationalist had the following comments on this subject:
I think it is perfectly feasible for a British Nationalist to have a hierarchy of levels within which he or she operates and thinks when it comes to the rest of the world around us and its structure and integrity. Ethno British Nationalism need not conflict to any severe degree with racial nationalism as I see it to be, because I don’t believe “racial nationalism” seeks to forge the ties mentioned above, just care for and preserve our fellow Nationalists and European peoples by supporting their right to do what we are trying to do.
A calm and rational approach to looking after ourselves first whilst keeping an eye out and an interest in (and a support to) our European counterparts and the order of the world around us is no bad thing in my view, but yes, of course, we have to be careful of what others commonly perceive the definitions to be, and ensure that we split off what to me is “traditional” Nationalism from anything that aims to go further than that.
Does caring about their plight and the wider European nation states and the dwindling European racial presence on planet Earth make me somehow beyond the pale or some wild extremist or supremacist? I do not believe so.[2]
This is reasonable, and stands in contrast to certain British National Party operatives who believe that any concern for the broader race must be detrimental to ethnic nationalism. The opposite is more likely, since a nationalist Britain will more secure in a European, white Europe, and infinitely less secure as a lone white island in a continental sea of color.
Although we should never let the opponents of preservationism define us, it is still interesting that “divide and conquer” is a tactic used against nationalists. One suspects that our opponents would most dread the varied European peoples coming to an agreement on fundamental interests, to work together for Western survival.
Indeed, if we reach the point in which Basque separatists can work with Spanish nationalists, Irish Republican nationalists with Ulster Protestant Unionists, Padanian separatists with Ausonian nationalists, Flemish separatists with Wallonian nationalists, Hungarian nationalists with their Romanian counterparts, pan-Slavists with pan-Germanists, and American pan-Europeanists with American Nordicists—all in the cause of white, Western survival—this will be a development which will give the enemies of white, Western survival cause for grave concern.
Perhaps pan-Europeanism is best viewed as a flexible meme and not as a rigid set of specific polices; it generally promotes the idea of mutual respect among the varied European peoples, and therefore attempts to search for solutions that will allow for the biological and cultural preservation of all Europeans worldwide.
Pan-Europeanism asserts that all persons of European descent should have a “seat at the table” when decisions are made about the fate of the West and its peoples. Pan-Europeanism, properly considered, can be consistent and compatible with concerns about narrower ingroups: Nordicism, pan-Slavism, pan-Germanism, or whatever ethnic or subracial nationalism one wishes to consider.
What pan-Europeanism introduces to these other ideologies is an additional concern for the broader European family. What if an individual does not care about the broader family of Europeans, and has an interest solely in his ethnic group or subrace? There is certainly nothing inherently wrong with that; everyone has the right to define the limits of his ingroup as he sees fit, and invest in that defined ingroup as is appropriate.
However, the purpose of this essay is not to proselytize, but rather to explain how a specific strain of pan-Europeanism is compatible with the preservation of narrower particularisms, and to place the history of pan-Europeanism within the context of the overarching objectives of “White Nationalism.” I will start with the issue of ethnic interchangeability and panmixia, and move on to an examination of other facets of pan-Europeanism, including a very brief historical survey.
Interchangeability & Panmixia
One meme asserts that pan-Europeanism means that all whites are “fungible/interchangeable.” I do not believe that most responsible pan-Europeanists hold that view. I certainly do not. I believe in a mixture of racial conservationism—making certain that extant ethnoracial stocks are preserved in significant numbers in specific territorial states—and racial palingenesis—which supports eugenics as well as the acceptance of new, stabilized Euro-breeds that may occur in the European Diaspora and that can constitute new ethnies and expand the range of European-specific genetic and phenotypic biological diversity.
When the two ideas are in conflict, racial conservatism trumps racial palingenesis, since the original stocks, once lost, can never be recovered. Hybridization, if it occurs in Diaspora regions, should be carefully monitored so as to create productive new stabilized strains while, at the same time, not resulting in the elimination of parental stocks. This pan-Europeanism, which values and wishes to preserve intra-European differences, can be contrasted to other viewpoints.
One can occasionally encounter a more panmictic vision of pan-Europeanism. For example, in his otherwise useful and interesting preface to Norman Lowell’s important book Imperium Europa, Constantin von Hoffmeister writes:
The mixing of different European nationalities should therefore be encouraged. We must support sexual unions between Russian women and German men, Spanish men and Swedish women. Only by radically breaking down the artificial barriers dividing Europe can we create the new breed of man . . .[3]
Von Hoffmeister’s overall pan-European vision is positive, I agree with much of it, and he should be commended for his support of Norman Lowell, who is a real fighter for our race and our civilization. However, I do not agree with the specific viewpoint quoted here, which does not represent the totality of pan-Europeanist thought. I believe that we should not be in the business of encouraging mating between Russians, Germans, Swedes, Spaniards, or any other groups within Europe. One could imagine Russian, German, Swedish, and Spanish nationalists—people who may otherwise agree to the basic premises of pan-Europeanism—objecting quite strongly to the idea of a general panmixia involving their respective peoples.
We already have here in America an experiment in intra-European cross-breeding, which may produce productive and useful stabilized blends—all at relatively minimal costs to ethnic genetic interests due to the relative genetic closeness of Europeans. However, responsible stewardship of our ethnoracial-genetic patrimony requires that we at least maintain the original ethnic stocks in their European homelands. If these stocks are completely hybridized out of existence, the loss would be permanent and irreversible. I do not believe that the genetic diversity that currently characterizes the extant European ethnies should be lost; while additional stocks and additional diversity may be created in the Diaspora through cross-ethnic mating and breed stabilization, the original genetic strains of Europe need to be preserved.
Indeed, it is wrong to completely erase any legitimate differences between peoples, including groups that are relatively highly related: Norwegians and Swedes are not interchangeable, Englishmen and Danes are not interchangeable, Germans and the Dutch are not interchangeable, Italians and Greeks are not interchangeable, Spaniards and Portuguese are not interchangeable, and Russians and Poles are not interchangeable. And while the differences between the major subraces are certainly greater than that between groups within each subrace, one cannot draw a line within Europe and say that one group of differences are completely inconsequential, and another group of differences are absolutely essential. At the intra-continental level, it is a difference of degree. This can be contrasted to the wider gulf that exists between continental groups, differences that are magnified, in a synergistic fashion, by the overlay of the great civilizational divides.
In summary, pan-Europeanism is an ideology which respects, strives to preserve, and fights for the interests of, all peoples of European descent worldwide—whether these peoples are of single ethnic origin or if they are of “combinative” ethnic European ancestry. There is nothing in this definition which asserts that panmixia must take place and certainly nothing which can be characterized as a lack of interest in preserving various ethnies (keeping in mind, of course, that “ethny” is not always the same as “ethnic group”). To say that pan-Europeanists in general do not see an intrinsic value in individual ethnic groups is simply not true. Thus I argue against the assertion that pan-Europeanism means that all whites are “fungible” and “interchangeable” and that this will lead to a panmixia resulting in a complete loss of biological and cultural particularisms. Instead, pan-Europeanism is better viewed as a cooperative effort, aimed toward the objective of Race-Culture preservation and renewal, an effort that recognizes both the differences and the commonalities of Western peoples.
History
A brief history of pan-European racial nationalism is summarized below, to contrast to some assertions concerning the origins of pan-European racial nationalism.
Pre-WWII pan-Europeanism had a varied pedigree, including of course Nietzsche’s call to be a “good European,” and the thoughts of individuals such as William Penn, Napoleon Bonaparte, Victor Hugo, and Giuseppe Mazzini—all focused on a pan-Europeanism that would preserve the diversity of the European peoples within the large context of unity. What about more recent pan-Europeanism?
In Dreamer of the Day,[4] Kevin Coogan describes one strand of pan-European thought that originated from competing visions within National Socialist (NS) Germany. Coogan identifies two SS factions: the so-called völkisch, Germanic, Nordicist “Black SS” whose ideology was based on the work of Hans F. K. Günther; and the pan-European, pan-Aryan “Waffen SS” faction led by SS Brigadier General Franz Alfred Six, SS Lieutenant General Werner Best, and SS Colonel Alfred Franke-Gricksch.
For most of the NS regime, the “Black SS” was dominant; however, after Stalingrad, the need for a pan-European crusade against Bolshevism, as well as a growing realization that the war may be lost and the groundwork for a post-war movement needed to be begun, led to a shift in power to the pan-European SS faction.
One consequence of this change in emphasis was the “rehabilitation” within the SS of the Italian theorist Julius Evola, who was recruited into the Germans’ pan-European program. The Italian connection to this German-dominated movement also leads us to consider Mussolini’s contributions; for example, before he fell into Hitler’s orbit, Il Duce promoted such activities as the pan-European “pan-Fascist” Montreux conference of 1934. In addition, in his last years, during the Italian Social Republic, Mussolini promoted the idea of a unified and socialist/fascist (western) Europe.
After the war, a number of individuals and groups continued to promote a pan-European fascist/racial nationalist perspective. Francis Parker Yockey of course comes to mind, as does Oswald Mosley, with his “Europe a Nation” idea. Indeed, the following description of Mosley’s ideas is of relevance, stressing as it does the fundamental point that a larger scale interest in Europe as a whole does not preclude narrower, national-ethny interests:
In October 1948—the dangerous year of Stalin’s blockade of Berlin—Mosley spoke to an enthusiastic meeting of East London workers and called for “the making of Europe a Nation.” Yet, as he said in later years, making Europe into a nation with its own common government did not make him feel any less an Englishman, and an Englishman of Staffordshire where he was born. All other Europeans, Normans and Bretons, Bavarians and Prussians, Neapolitans and Milanese, would through his idea remain Frenchmen, Germans, and Italians, as would Britons remain Britons, yet they would all think and act together as Europeans.
In those later years he also proposed a three-tier order of governments in Europe, each with a different function. In fact this was taking the best part of the old fascism, the corporate state, and the best of the old democracy, creating something higher and finer than either, through yet another synthesis. The corporate state had envisaged the nation like a human body, having a head, with a brain, with all members of the body working together in political harmony. Thus in Mosley’s vision of the future nation of Europe the first tier, the head, would be a common government—freely elected by all Europeans—for Europe’s defense and to organize a single continental economy. The second tier would be national governments for all national questions—elected as today—and at the third level many local governments for the regions and small nations like Wales and Scotland. They would have the special task of preserving the wide diversity of Europe’s cultural life: regional democracy with a new meaning.
Mosley’s concept of Europe thus went much further than the present “European Community” and was a direct contrast with it, replacing the national jealousies and economic rivalry of today’s “common market” with an essential harmony. “Europe a Nation” included the whole life of the continent from the head organizing a single economy down to the many cultures of Europe. It was perhaps his greatest concept: a new order of governments giving a new meaning to democracy, to be achieved through a synthesis of those two old opponents, pre-war fascism and pre-war democracy.[5]
The journal Nation Europa, founded by Arthur Ehrhardt and Herbert Boehme, with support from Swedish far-Rightist Per Engdahl, also strongly promoted a pan-European “Mosleyite” agenda. Coogan discusses other theorists and activists, but it is well established that modern pan-European racial nationalism in Europe has a pedigree going back to the attempts of pre-war, and war-era, (real) fascists and “fascists” to develop an ideology beyond that of narrow single-state nationalism.
In America, before the war, Lothrop Stoddard in Re-forging America argued for assimilation of the “white ethnics” and the need for white solidarity against the rising tide of color. Similarly, Charles Lindbergh, in a famous pre-war essay on aviation and race stated:
We, the heirs of European culture, are on the verge of a disastrous war, a war within our own family of nations, a war which will reduce the strength and destroy the treasures of the White race, a war which may even lead to the end of our civilization. And while we stand poised for battle, Oriental guns are turning westward, Asia presses towards us on the Russian border, all foreign races stir restlessly. It is time to turn from our quarrels and to build our White ramparts again. This alliance with foreign races means nothing but death to us. It is our turn to guard our heritage from Mongol and Persian and Moor, before we become engulfed in a limitless foreign sea. Our civilization depends on a united strength among ourselves; on strength too great for foreign armies to challenge; on a Western Wall of race and arms which can hold back either a Genghis Khan or the infiltration of inferior blood; on an English fleet, a German air force, a French army, an American nation, standing together as guardians of our common heritage, sharing strength, dividing influence.[6]
Other factors leading to a pan-European White Nationalism in America include the assimilation of the aforementioned “white ethnics”; the “civil rights movement” which counter-posed general white interests with those of Negroes, Levantines, and other “colored” groups; and the mass post-1965 immigration which even more sharply contrasted the differences between white Americans, derived from the Western civilization, and the hordes of others.
A useful simplification suggests that in Europe (where ethnic, single-state nationalism is still a potent force) pan-Europeanism was initially a top-down phenomenon theorized by “far-Right elites,” while in America, it has been predominantly characterized by “bottom-up” growth due to “white ethnic” assimilation coupled to a growing and increasingly militant colored populace. Today’s global pan-Europeanism, joining like-minded activists in Europe and the European Diaspora, is the result of a convergence of these European and American trends.
The growing race/immigration/Islamic problem in Europe, concerns about Turkey in the EU, along with the understandable reaction to the two World Wars and the consequences of intra-European hostility, has led a growth in “bottom-up” pan-Europeanism in Europe; while the increasing theoretical depth of American White Nationalism, and the recognition that America’s race problem is of global scope, has led to increased “top-down” pan-Europeanism in the Diaspora. This convergence, over time, may lead to increased integration between European and Euro-American pan-European nationalists.
From a very broad, sweeping historical perspective, Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Empire, Napoleon, Mussolini, and even Hitler, can be viewed as attempts to restore the earlier unity of the Roman Empire; in other words, these were attempts to build a new empire of the West. For centuries in the modern historical era, Latin was the common language of educated people throughout the West. Orders like the Knights Hospitallers were drawn from various nations of Western Europe, together fighting for Europe and the West. And the contribution of our eastern European brothers to the defense of the West is also a fact of history (e.g., Poles vs. Turks at Vienna). That the theme of Western Unity has existed as an undercurrent throughout Europe since the birth of the modern “Western” or “Faustian” High Culture cannot be denied.
Also of relevance are Greg Johnson’s comments at the Counter-Currents website:
If you go back far enough in history, you find times, such as the high Middle Ages, when there was a sense of the unity of the European race. Petty state nationalism is a far more modern phenomenon. . . . During the high Middle Ages, there was a sense of European Unity as “Christendom” that was not explicitly racial but was implicitly so. The first Crusade in particular was an expression of this sense of unity. Of course even then Christianity was not coextensive with the European race, for there were Nestorian and Arab and African Christians, but the average European did not know that.
If you go back even farther, you find the essential genetic unity of all European peoples. The concept of “whiteness” today can be seen as an attempt to recapture that essential unity. . . . In North America, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, the mixing of recently differentiated European stocks is bringing us back to that original unity.
Whiteness also is natural as a unifying concept in the face of non-whites, particularly in the colonies. . . . In the end, though, the political validity of the concept of whiteness has nothing to do with its temporal pedigree, but with the fact that all whites are perceived by our enemies as essentially the same, thus we are treated as the same. Our skin is our uniform in the global struggle for domination.[7]
Which is an effective summary of the fundamental thesis of the current essay.
This historical survey is not meant as an “appeal to authority”; the pan-European idea should today be evaluated on its own merits. However, it is important to contrast the actual historical background with contrary assertions that modern pan-Europeanism is merely the recent invention of ethnically self-interested activists narrowly derived from specific areas of Europe (e.g., Norman Lowell has been unfairly criticized in this regard). Whether or not one agrees with pan-Europeanism, the origins of this worldview have strong roots throughout Europe (at least, Western Europe), and individuals of varied ethnic/subracial European ancestries have championed the idea throughout the centuries—and, in some cases, like the knightly orders, put the idea into practice.
Culture, Civilization, Yockey, & Some Biology
One thread which is often prominent in modern pan-European thought is the work of its foremost post-war proponent: Francis Parker Yockey. It is therefore important to take a brief look at some of Yockey’s relevant statements on this issue.
In The Proclamation of London Yockey wrote:
From the beginning, the Western Culture has been a spiritual unit. This basic, universally formative fact is in the sharpest contrast to the shallow and ignorant outlook of those who pretend that the unity of the West is a new idea, a technical thing which can only be brought about on a limited and conditional basis.
From its very birth-cry in the Crusades, the Western Culture had one State, with the Emperor at its head, one Church and religion, Gothic Christianity, with an authoritarian Pope, one race, one nation, and one people, which felt itself, and was recognized by all outer forces, to be distinct and unitary. There was a universal style, Gothic, which inspired and informed all art from the crafts to the cathedrals. There was one ethical code for the Culture-bearing stratum, Western chivalry, founded on a purely Western feeling of honour. There was a universal language, Latin, and a universal law, Roman law. Even in the very adoption of older, non-Western things, the West was unitary. It made such things into an expression of its proper soul, and it universalized them.
More important than anything else, this Culture felt itself to be a power-unit as against all outer forces, whether barbarians like the Slavs, Turks, and Mongols, or civilized like the Moors, Jews, and Saracens. Embryonic national differences existed even then within the West, but these differences were not felt as contrasts, and could not possibly become at that time the focus of a struggle for power. A Western knight was fighting equally for his Fatherland whether in battle against the Slav or the Turk on the Eastern Marshes of Germany, against the Moor in Spain, Italy, or Sicily, or against the Saracen in the Levant. The outer forces recognized as well this inner unity of the West. To Islam, all Westerners whatever were lumped together as Franks, giaours.
This higher Cultural unity embraced within its rich possibilities the several Nation-Ideas which were to actualize so much of Western history, for it is obviously a part of the divine plan that a High Culture create as phases of its own unfolding, not only higher aesthetic units, schools of music, painting, and lyric, higher religious and philosophical units, schools of mysticism and theology, higher bodies of nature-knowledge, schools of technics and scientific research, but also higher power-units within itself, Emperor versus papacy, Estates versus Emperor and Pope, Fronde versus King, Nation versus Nation. In Gothic times, the intra-Cultural power struggle between Emperor and Pope was always strictly subordinated, by the universal conscience, to the outer tension with the non-member of the Culture, the barbarian and heathen. The Nations existed then, but not as power-units, not as political organisms. The members of the nations felt themselves to be different from one another, but the differences were in no case determining of the whole orientation to life. A Slavic, Turkish, or Moorish attack on Europe was met by forces drawn from all parts of Europe. . . . In this great struggle for the Liberation of Europe, every European of race, honour, and pride belongs with us, regardless of his provenance.[8]
And, importantly, considering the issue of preserving intra-European differences:
Local cultures in Europe may be as diversified as they wish, and they will enjoy a perfect autonomy in the European Imperium . . .
Please note that I do not agree with Yockey’s oft-cited hostility toward Slavs and other eastern Europeans, for these people need to be fully integrated into the pan-European project. Preferably, the eastern Europeans can join their western brethren in the same racial-civilizational entity, but if this is not possible then at least we need to have closely linked and cooperative dual white entities, perhaps analogous to the western and eastern halves of the latter Roman Empire. In any case, we are in this together. Indeed, there are those in Russia who know what is at stake and who are willing to cooperate to save white civilization; for example Dmitry Rogozin.[9]
In Imperium Yockey wrote, at different places throughout the book:
If any Westerner thinks that the barbarian makes nice distinctions between the former nations of the West, he is incapable of understanding the feelings of populations outside a High Culture toward that Culture. . . .
. . . But the greatest opposition of all has not yet been named, the conflict which will take up all the others into itself. This is the battle of the Idea of the Unity of the West against the nationalism of the 19th century. Here stand opposed the ideas of Empire and petty-stateism, large-space thinking and political provincialism. Here find themselves opposed the miserable collection of yesterday-patriots and the custodians of the Future. The yesterday-nationalists are nothing but the puppets of the extra-European forces who conquer Europe by dividing it. To the enemies of Europe, there must be no rapprochement, no understanding, no union of the old units of Europe into a new unit, capable of carrying on 20th century politics. . . .
. . . Against a united Europe, they could never have made their way in, and only against a divided Europe can they maintain themselves. Split! divide! distinguish!—this is the technique of conquest. Resurrect old ideas, old slogans, now quite dead, in the battle to turn European against European. . . .
. . . The touching of this racial-frontier case of the Negro, however, shows to Europe a very important fact—that race-difference between white men, which means Western men, is vanishingly small in view of their common mission of actualizing a High Culture. In Europe, where hitherto the race difference between, say, Frenchman and Italian has been magnified to great dimensions, there has been no sufficient reminder of the race-differences outside the Western Civilization. Adequate instruction along this line would apparently have to take the form of occupation of all Europe, instead of only part of it, by Negroes from America and Africa, by Mongols and Turkestani from the Russian Empire. . . .
. . . Gothic instincts of the Western Culture are still present in the Imperium-Idea. It cannot be otherwise. Also present are the various Ideas which these instincts, within the framework of this Culture, shaped for itself, the religions, the nations, the philosophies, languages, arts and sciences. But they are present no longer as contrasts, but as mere differences.
Gone—forever gone—is any notion that one of these Ideas—national, linguistic, religious, social—has the mission of wiping out another Idea. The adherents of Empire are still distinct from the adherents of Papacy—but this distinction does not rule their minds, for uppermost now is the Idea of Imperium, the return to superpersonal origins, and both of these mighty Ideas have the same spiritual source. The difference between Protestant and Catholic—once excited into a casus belli—has gone the same way. Both continue to exist, but it is inconceivable that this difference could again rend the Western Civilization in twain. There have been also the racial and temperamental differences of Teuton and Latin, of North and South. Once these may have contributed to the furnishing of motives to History—this can they no longer do. Again, both are part of the West, even though different, and the Imperium-Idea monopolizes the motivation of History. . . . The former nations, the religions, the races, the classes—these are now the building-blocks of the great Imperial structure which is founding itself. Local cultural, social, linguistic, differences remain—it is no necessity of the Imperium-Idea that it annihilate its component Ideas, the collective products of a thousand years of Western history. On the contrary, it affirms them all, in a higher sense it perpetuates them all, but they are in its service, and no longer in the center of History.[10]
Again, this is no “appeal to authority”; one is free to agree or disagree with Yockey’s views as one sees fit. However, Yockey’s views can be considered a reasonable summary of pan-Europeanism from a more historical, cultural, civilizational perspective.
So far, this discussion has emphasized culture and civilization, which was Yockey’s specialty. I have often brought up biology and genetics elsewhere; here, I will briefly cite the following. In Lao et al., it is reported that European genetic differentiation mirrors geography and that Europe as a whole is relatively genetically homogeneous:
. . . we found only a low level of genetic differentiation between subpopulations, the existing differences were characterized by a strong continent-wide correlation between geographic and genetic distance. . . . This implies that genetic differences between extant European subpopulations can be expected to be small indeed. . . . Overall, our study showed that the autosomal gene pool in Europe is comparatively homogeneous but at the same time revealed that the small genetic differentiation that is present between subpopulations is characterized by a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance.[11]
This view is supported by Bauchet et al.:
In line with previous studies, there is low apparent diversity in Europe, with the entire continent-wide sample only marginally more dispersed than single-population samples from elsewhere in the world.[12]
In other words, the extent of genetic diversity in the entire continent of Europe is in the same range as what is found within single ethnic groups of other continents. Certainly, important racial/genetic differences exist between European peoples, particularly along the north-south and east-west axes. Further, researchers can now distinguish the gene pools of quite closely related European peoples; for example, Norwegians vs. Swedes, or French, German, and Italian-speaking Swiss. All these differences are important; nevertheless, the similarities are important as well.
A pan-Europeanism that respects and preserves genetic and cultural differences, while also respecting genetic and cultural similarities, is wholly consistent with ethnic genetic interests. For example, in On Genetic Interests,[13] Frank Salter cites the Civilizations of Huntington[14] as possible core units of ethnic genetic interests for defense against other genetic/civilizational entities. Note that Salter speculated that Huntington’s “Orthodox” eastern European bloc may be considered a subsection of the West.
In summary, Europeans are relatively genetically similar and share a core civilizational history. This is the fundamental foundational basis for pan-Europeanism.
Balancing Particularisms: Broader & Narrower
Specifics of how to balance broader and narrower particularisms are beyond the scope of this essay. However, I point the reader to an examination of pan-European genetic interests1 as “concentric circles” of genetic interests, which is similar to, and partially based upon an analysis of ethnic relations by Kevin MacDonald[15] as well as, of course, the work of Frank Salter.13 MacDonald states:
The problem, then, is how to best create strategies, including control of land areas, which promote ethnic genetic interests in the current environment. There is no precise or entirely natural way to establish the best boundaries for such an endeavor, but it certainly does not follow that such boundaries are arbitrary. It is the sort of problem that is solvable with rational choice mechanisms. For example, in the United States I propose that a grouping of people deriving from Europe, including Eastern and Southern Europe, would be far preferable to a strategy in which there were a large number of separate European groups (e.g., Danish, Scottish, English, Italian, etc.) each acting independently of the others.[16]
Similarly, there is a rational and fitness-preserving pan-East Asian strategy that would follow the same logic as that of pan-Europeanism. Therefore, this Asian strategy would in no way no suggest that the Japanese give up their national identity, or that Koreans or Chinese do the same, or that all Asians intermix and erase all distinctions; nevertheless, they do have fundamentally important shared interests in their larger ethnic commonality. Indeed, Asian racial militants in the USA in some cases do adopt such as pan-East Asian policy. Ethnoracial interests can always be considered from a universalist perspective; i.e., to situate particular European interests within a broader framework.
I suppose that in order to build a united Euro-Western front, a pan-European compact, compromise will be necessary. For example, if US immigration policy greatly restricts Asian and African immigration, that benefits all Americans of European descent. However, if it also restricts non-“Celto-Germanic” immigration (e.g., the 1924 act[17]) that will theoretically benefit some American whites more than others (although full assimilation of these others would make the point moot). Alternatively, if it does not discriminate at all between European immigrants (e.g., pre-1924) that could disadvantage the original founding stock American population. Therefore, I believe that the “1924 immigration act” national origins approach is essentially valid, and Stoddard’s demand that the earlier Euro-American population maintain control and preeminence while assimilating the later Euro-American “ethnics” is perfectly reasonable.
Of course, the fundamental threat to the interests of all Euro-Americans originates from both elite non-Western groups (e.g., those of Asiatic origin) coupled with a mass of alien lower types (e.g., those of African and Latin American ancestries). In Europe itself, the threat also includes mass migration across racial and civilizational divides from north Africa/Middle East as well as from groups similarly invading the USA (e.g., there is a growing “Latino” population in Spain, and of course sub-Saharan Africans are present as well). Certainly, the narrower particularist viewpoint can be expressed in ethnic genetic interest terms, and that it is valid as far as it goes. But it misses the larger point: the threat is not superficial or temporary but fundamental and encompasses the totality of Western civilization and all of the European peoples. The worldwide racial crisis exists and the fundamental issue remains: European-descended populations are threatened with replacement by Third World peoples.
As a general model for balancing broader and narrower particularisms, one could envision—along the lines of Norman Lowell’s Imperium/Dominion split[18]—an overarching pan-European, Western Confederation resting on the framework of internally autonomous states that safeguard their narrower biological and cultural uniqueness. Regardless of these details, the fundamental point remains that all parties to preservationist solutions need to have their voices heard; in particular, all groups that make up the Western family of peoples need to join in this endeavor and participate in the process.
Conclusion
An optimal outcome would be if pan-Europeanists, Nordicists, pan-Slavists, pan-Germanists, ethnic nationalists, and all the other “ists” and “isms” within the white activist framework can work together in a productive fashion to achieve common objectives, even if fundamental points of important disagreement remain. If the majority of such people share a common goal of European, Western survival—albeit with different emphases, strategies, and tactics—then this could be a starting point to consider the possibilities. Given the immensity of the task before us, it would be helpful to at least be “in the same book,” if not “on the same page.”
The following quote from Yockey’s The Enemy of Europe summarizes the palingenetic objective that we could, if we so wished, strive for:
Our European Mission is to create the Culture-State-Nation-Imperium of the West, and thereby we shall perform such deeds, accomplish such works, and so transform our world that our distant posterity, when they behold the remains of our buildings and ramparts, will tell their grandchildren that on the soil of Europe once dwelt a tribe of gods.[19]
That this tribe is not homogeneous, and contains within itself smaller tribes with unique and valued characteristics, is a given. But I believe, nevertheless, that this greater Western tribe does exist—and that together we can achieve great things, if we only can take the essential first steps forward. This essay is an open call for a paradigm shift in the relations of the varied types of (Western) ethnoracial nationalism to each other, a shift in the direction of increased cooperation. For approximately the last ten years there has been (sometimes acrimonious and mostly online) debate between proponents of these various “ists” and “isms” with no furthering of those objectives we all hold in common. Careful consideration of the possibilities for cooperation in areas of overlap should occur, and hopefully, these possibilities will become manifest in real-world collegial, productive endeavors.[20] We can and should be able to move forward together to achieve our common objectives. The status quo has not been productive.
[1] Michael Rienzi, “Pan-European Genetic Interests, Ethno-States, Kinship Preservation, and the End of Politics,” The Occidental Quarterly, vol. 3, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 31–43.
[2] Independent British Nationalist, “What’s in a name? Perhaps some confusion, even on my part,” March 7, 2010, http://independent-british-nationalist.blogspot.com/2010/03/whats-in-name-perhaps-some-confusion.html/ [2]
[3] Constantin von Hoffmeister, “Our Motherland: Imperium Europa,” in Norman Lowell, Imperium Europa: The Book that Changed the World (Imperium Publishing, 2008), 24.
[4] Kevin Coogan, Dreamer of the Day: Francis Parker Yockey and the Postwar Fascist International (Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 1999).
[5] Friends of Oswald Mosley, “Oswald Mosley, Briton, Fascist, European,” http://www.oswaldmosley.com/briton-fascist-european.htm [3] (emphasis added).
[6] Charles Lindbergh, “Aviation, Geography, and Race,” Readers Digest (1939), http://library.flawlesslogic.com/lindy.htm [4]
[7] Greg Johnson, “Explicit White Nationalism,” October 2010, http://www.counter-currents.com/2010/10/explicit-white-nationalism/ [5] (emphasis added).
[8] Francis Parker Yockey, The Proclamation of London, 1949, http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/fpyockey/proclamation.html [6](emphasis added).
[9] “Interview with Dmitry Rogozin,” Nov. 18, 2008, http://rt.com/ Interview/2008-11-18/Interview_with_Dmitry_Rogozin.html [7]
[10] Francis Parker Yockey (“Ulick Varange”), Imperium (Costa Mesa, Cal.: The Noontide Press, 1962).
[11] Lao et al., “Correlation between Genetic and Geographic Structure in Europe,” Current Biology, vol. 18, no. 16 (2008), 1241–48. PMID: 1869188
[12] Bauchet et al., “Measuring European Population Stratification with Microarray Genotype Data,” The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 80, no. 5 (2007), 948–56 doi:10.1086/513477
[13] Frank Salter, On Genetic Interests: Family, Ethny, and Humanity in an Age of Mass Migration (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2003).
[14] Summarized: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clash_of_Civilizations [8]
[15] Kevin MacDonald, “An Integrative Evolutionary Perspective on Ethnicity,” Politics and the Life Sciences, vol. 20 no. 1 (2001), 67–79. http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/PLS2001-3-067.pd [9]f
[16] Kevin MacDonald, “On the Rationality of Ethnic Conflict,” http://www.kevinmacdonald.net/RubinRev.htm [10]
[18] Lowell, Imperium Europa.
[19] Francis Parker Yockey, The Enemy of Europe (York, S.C.: Liberty Bell Publications, 1981), 93.
[20] Some discussion of these issues with respect to white separatism can be found Ted Sallis, “Racial Nationalism and Secession: Ideas, Critiques, Perspective, and Possibilities,” The Occidental Quarterly vol. 10, no. 4 (Winter 2010–2011): 103–115.
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/05/pan-european-preservationism/
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lundi, 11 juin 2012
PORTRAIT PSYCHOLOGIQUE DES “BABA COOLS”
PORTRAIT PSYCHOLOGIQUE DES “BABA COOLS”
Je confesse avoir commis une négligence, avoir laissé moisir pendant 5 ans un excellent livre dans un coin sombre de la petite bibliothèque qui se dresse à mon chevet. Ce livre est l'œuvre de Matthias Horx (né à Düsseldorf en 1955), chroniqueur à Pflasterstrand, Tempo et Die Zeit, auteur de 2 ouvrages de science-fiction et de 2 critiques des engouements contemporains (ceux des alternatifs et ceux des “battants” reagano-thatchériens du début des années 80). Son titre ? Aufstand im Schlaraffenland (Révolte au pays de cocagne). C'est une sorte de biographie politique et culturelle d'une génération d'enfants gâtés, la première génération du siècle qui n'a pas été confrontée à une grande guerre et qui n'avait qu'un souci, fort fébrile : expérimenter du neuf, être contre tout, rêver d'un trip à la marijuana ou d'une passe exaltante, comme dans les manuels de sexualité avancée, mais qui n'est évidemment jamais venue. Horx :
« Si nous sommes honnêtes, nous devons confesser que nous étions tout de même des privilégiés. Enfants, nous avons encore vécu dans de petites familles intactes, dans le contexte d'un progrès ininterrompu et c'est avec cet arrière-plan finalement solide que nous avons expérimenté la révolution tout en grandissant, alors que les utopies, promettant une “autre vie” ; n'avaient pas encore été tentées et n'avaient pas encore déçu ; à l'époque, existait encore bel et bien un “système” que l'on pouvait critiquer radicalement, pour de bonnes raisons. Nous, garçons et filles d'une génération qui, comme aucune autre, a cherché l’ALTERNATIVE, le HORS-NORMES, n'avons, en fin de compte qu'accélérer un processus que cette société, que nous faisions mine de haïr, a “normalisé”. Car notre révolte, avec ses rêves à la fois fous et comiques, ses prétentions ridicules, ses appels emphatiques à l'émancipation totale, n'a finalement contribué qu'à maintenir à flot la modernité dans la société. En empruntant les chemins de détour du fondamentalisme le plus bizarre, elle a fait en sorte que l'héritage de nos pères, c'est-à-dire un pays un peu figé, encore marqué par notre passé pré-démocratique mais où le miracle économique a été possible, soit devenu le chaos actuel. La démocratie de nos pères était imparfaite : elle était encore en chantier, mais ce chantier n'était pas le plus mauvais du monde ».
Ensuite, Matthias Horx croque avec cruauté et à propos les 11 principaux défauts du fondamentaliste soixante-huitard :
1. La rouspétance idéologique.
Elle a pris des proportions insoupçonnées. Indice quotidien de cette maladie : le courrier des lecteurs des journaux de la “gauche branchée” : « Si X écrit encore des articles dans votre journal, je me désabonne sur le champ ». La menace : je vous retire mon amour. Règne des positionnements binaires : l'homme (nous) et les cochons (les autres, les vieux cons, les beaufs et les inévitables fachos), l'État (policier, bien sûr) et la Résistance (nous), le Bien et le Mal. Sur la persistance de ces agrégats, il est impossible de bâtir un corpus idéologique pragmatique, donc le seul exercice que peuvent encore pratiquer ces messieurs-dames, conclut Horx, c'est la dénonciation. On pense à messires Monzat, Soudais, Olender, Grodent, Brewaeys, Duplat et à d'autres reliques inamovibles du sous-journalisme contemporain.
2. La régression permanente.
Dans les résidus du soixante-huitardisme allemand, le vocabulaire infantile fait recette : « Mon nounours adoré, Ta petite souris te salue, te fait un bisou, Je t'aime mon gros Lapinos, etc. ». Horx a repéré cette phraséologie dans le courrier des lecteurs du TAZ berlinois, organe par excellence de ce public infantilisé. Les petits couples, né sur les campus, d'intellos branchés sur les idées abstraites et déconnectés du réel charnu ou âpre, rugueux ou enflammé, sont aujourd'hui bien fânés, affectés de vilains embonpoints, aiment les autocollants pour orner l'arrière de leur Golf orange : les plus prisés sont ceux avec un gros matou yankee fatigué : Garfield. Symptomatique. D'un rousseauisme non individualiste, ajoute Horx, posant comme acquis que nous serions tous des “copains solidaires”, si la société ne nous avait pas pervertis, n'avait pas cassé nos réflexes communautaires. L'axiome de cette démarche, c'est que les conflits sociaux ne surviennent qu'à cause des institutions (État, justice, etc.). Mais le temps a prouvé que même (et surtout) dans les “communes alternatives”, les “communautés de squatters”, les “groupes de base”, inimitiés, jalousies, incompatibilités d'humeur, luttes pour la conquête sexuelle, étaient le lot quotidien. Les recours artificiels à des “communautés”, sectes détachées des flux réels de l'existence, conduit à des chamailleries à l'infini. En dehors de la famille réelle, des liens de sang, il n'y a pas de communauté idéale possible. Les imitateurs droitiers de ce régressisme de 68 (où la psychologie est la même que dans cette gauche infantilisée, mais où seul varient discours et références) tombent dans les mêmes travers, comme le souligne par ailleurs le philosophe allemand Günter Maschke, issu des agitateurs du SDS gauchiste pour déboucher aujourd'hui dans le “schmittisme” contre-révolutionnaire : la lecture rapide et impréparée, a-critique, de Nietzsche entraîne souvent, si elle est concomitante à celle des aventures d'Astérix, vers un imaginaire néo-païen qui reconstitue inconsciemment le petit village d'Armorique, protégé des agressions du monde extérieur par la potion magique d'un discours jugé “vrai et pur”, baptisé “nos idées” (à prononcer avec trémolos dans la voix). Aux fermes biologiques des gauchistes devenus “verts” correspondent certaines demeures “communautaires” avec pierre solaire ou menhir, où quinquagénaires bedonnants et adolescents boutonneux dansent en rond, au coucher du soleil, en évoquant les Gaulois, les Vikings ou la Hitlerjugend. À gauche comme à droite, en dépit des “façons de parler” idéologiques, en dépit des poses que l'on prend, on est finalement fils d'une même époque, enfants gâtés d'une même civilisation de la consommation, où s'estompe le sens du réel et des responsabilités, au profit d'esthétismes inféconds et d'utopies niaises (cf. G.Maschke, « Kraut & Rüben : Vorletzte Lockerungen », in Etappe, 3, 1989, p.136).
3. Se complaire dans les (auto)applaudissements.
Toutes les réunions sont ponctuées d'applaudissements, comme les messes de jadis étaient ponctuées d'amen. L'ouvrier qui a basculé dans le chômage et qui s'égare dans ces poulaillers pour lever timidement le doigt et demander au public de retomber à pieds joints dans le concret est applaudi. Ses contradicteurs du podium qui lui reprochent sa naïveté, de ne pas comprendre les mécanismes subtils de l'aliénation, sont également applaudis. Les rituels sont immuables : désigner l'ennemi, prononcer une blague amère sur Helmut Kohl, critiquer les flics, entrelarder le tout d'appels au concret jamais suivis d'effets.
4. La pensée d'un camp retranché.
Toute question doit être éludée si elle ne conforte pas les certitudes du groupe, de la “gauche” comme “camp mythique” : toute démarche critique, tout apport de paramètres nouveaux sont exclus. Il est interdit de penser ce qui peut relativiser les certitudes. Risque : l'ensemble du corpus doctrinal perdra toute crédibilité sur le long terme, parce que toute innovation, tout écart, sont soustraits au discours, à la discussion, réduisant par là même le corpus à un jeu de coquilles vides : celui qui voit dans l'adversaire, ou dans l'esprit critique de son propre camp, un “mauvais” ou un “traître” finira par perdre la bataille. Rigidifiée, pétrifiée, la doctrine ne travaille ni n'absorbe plus de substance et ne peut pas faire face à l'adversaire qui, ignorant les interdits de langage, récupère cette substance, la travaille et l'instrumentalise.
5. Un besoin et une nostalgie d'identification.
Il faut s'identifier à quelque chose, à un camp, à un petit groupe replié sur lui-même, jouissant de l'infaillibilité, fermé à tout compromis. Survient la moindre contrariété, le camp n'offrant plus la perfection tant attendue et espérée, ne correspondant plus à 100% à l'idée, le militant, rigoriste, migre vers une nouvelle “totalité”, où il croit pouvoir s'investir à fond, réaliser son fantasme à 100%. Ces militants-fantasmeurs, ces fanas du 100%, s'avèrent vite inintéressants : leurs images du monde ne tolèrent plus de contradictions fécondes.
6. Tout savoir.
Croire qu'on sait tout, qu'on est détenteur d'une infaillible Besserwisserei. Le militant de la commune sait tout : comment on règle la politique extérieure du Zimbabwe, la politique économique du Cuba de Castro, les négociations américano-soviétiques sur la réduction des missiles nucléaires balistiques, comment on met une pièce de Brecht en scène, on joue le rôle de modérateur dans un talkshow. Ce savoir implicite du sectaire ou du gourou, expert universel, est bien entendu pourvu de toutes les qualités, sauf une : la curiosité. Plus besoin de chercher, on sait déjà tout, on a des recettes pour tout. Affirmer joyeusement ses propres vérités peut être fécond, à la condition, ajoute Horx, que l'on garde une distance critique.
7. La nostalgie.
Les activistes d'hier se sont calmés. Ils sont rassis. Mais ils croient toujours aux phrases qu'ils ont hurlées dans les manifs ou aux oreilles de leurs contradicteurs, musclés ou ironiques. Toutes les sous-cultures, de gauche comme de droite, réagissent à des chiffres, signes et symboles, à des petits dessins connus, des lettrages complices, à des petites faucilles et croix, à des marteaux soviétiques ou de Thor, etc. La réalité, hyper-complexe, que ces malheureux militants sont incapables de saisir, cette réalité qui fait peur, cette réalité que l'on doit malgré tout affronter quand on quitte papa et maman, son ours en peluche ou sa petite armée de soldats Airfix qui ne peut prendre aucun palais d'hiver, ne délivrer aucun Stalingrad, ne sauter sur aucun Diên Biên Phu, est réduite à des dénominateurs communs forts simples. À gauche, les termes “solidarité”, “révolution”, “émancipation”, etc., sont investis d'une aura positive : il suffit de les évoquer, même furtivement, pour que les circonstances désignées sous l'un ou l'autre de ces labels soient d'office considérées comme “positives”. Ainsi, la “révolution iranienne” est restée longtemps une “chose finalement positive” pour les tenants de l'idéologie de 68, qui pourtant, selon leur propre logique, devaient refuser toute forme d'autoritarisme religieux. Horx cite l'ambivalence des discours de gauche sur l'Iran (“Chah t'Iran”), sur le port du tchador (symbole d'anti-impérialisme), sur les nationalismes basque et irlandais (pourtant bel et bien farouchement identitaires), sur la corruption de la junte révolutionnaire nicaraguéenne, etc. La nostalgie d'une “bonne révolution”, non encore advenue, se retrouve dans les jugements sur les révolutions réelles, qui ont utilisé, pour briser les résistances des régimes en place, des argumentaires non progressistes, archétypaux, religieux (opium du peuple ?), théocratiques, nationalistes, mythologiques, etc. Sans de tels agrégats et résidus, aucune foule ne peut être activée, aucun bouleversement violent n'est possible. Le progressisme n'est donc pas bon pour la révolution : il l'inhibe. Constat qui aurait dû forcer les soixante-huitards à davantage de scepticisme.
8. Le statut de victime.
La sempiternelle et aveugle glorification des “petits et des justes" conduit à un culte de l'échec. Le militant, que Horx nomme le Politfreak, a connu tant de révolutions qui, au lieu d'apporter libération et émancipation, ont mis en place des régimes durs, policiers et obscurantistes, qu'il en vient à croire que les vaincus seuls restent purs. Sentiment que partagent désormais droites post-collaborationnistes et gauches post-modernes. Il vaut dès lors mieux demeurer victime des circonstances, rester un opprimé que de se rendre complice d'un activisme qui trahit l'idée, l'utopie. Ce sentiment d'impuissance se transpose dans la vie quotidienne : je trouve pas d'appart' ? C'est la faute à la société ; pas de boulot... ? Toujours cette foutue société... J'peux plus parler à France-Culture ? C'est la société d'exclusion qui m'exclut, moi, le génie tant attendu, l'infaillible d'entre les infaillibles...
9. L'envie sociale.
Certains soixante-huitards ont réussi : dans la publicité, dans le dessin, dans la création culturelle. Cette réussite a généralement exigé beaucoup de travail, d'abnégation : mais les vieilles règles du labeur acharné paient toujours. Malheur à ces battants ! Leurs camarades-victimes leur en veulent à mort, leur reprochent leur petite Golf, leur appartement, leur vacances. Mais la pauvreté de ces jaloux n'est pas pauvreté réelle, explique Horx, c'est une pauvreté “idéologisée”, artificielle : le jaloux qui feint de haïr l'argent est en réalité obnubilé par l'argent. Il en veut, et il veut du luxe, mais sans efforts, pour récompenser son génie, même si celui-ci n'est producteur de rien. La conjugaison de ces désirs et de cette paresse le conduit dans l'ornière de l'incompatibilité sociale. Le marginal de ce type, plus que le capitaliste, fait de l'argent la mesure de toutes choses.
10. Le mélange des genres.
Le soixante-huitard G., pas plus doué qu'un autre, parvient à gérer ses salles de cinéma. Il distingue la sphère privée de la sphère professionnelle. Sa copine K. ne parvient pas à faire tourner sa petite boutique alternative : mais elle engage des copains, se fournit chez d'autres camarades, paie des salaires que ne peut rapporter l'entreprise, etc. Elle mélange politique et privé, entreprise et copinage, idéologie et réalité. Ces pratiques conduisent à des bricolages inimaginables, à de la corruption, à une dictature des paramètres psycho-affectifs. Une quantité inutile de grains de sable s'infiltre dans les rouages de la machine, des intérêts qui ne sont pas rationnellement définissables, et que personne d'extérieur n'est à même de comprendre, bloquent le bon fonctionnement de l'entreprise ou de l'appareil.
11. L'exagération obligatoire.
Les exagérations de la scène 68arde sont bien connues : en France, une Claire Brétecher et un Lauzier les ont croquées avec une causticité aussi vraie que pertinente. Quand la police ouest-allemande recherchait la bande à Baader, c'était le fascisme qui revenait, la peste brune qui se réinstallait ; quand le gouvernement organise un recensement, il met un terme à la démocratie ; etc. Ces métaphores didactiques avaient, aux yeux de ceux qui les ont employées pour la première fois, une valeur “éducative”. Faire réfléchir, montrer les déviances possibles, nuancer, contraindre à plus de modération, etc., au départ d'une description volontairement caricaturale, sont des pratiques rhétoriques très anciennes : le problème, c'est que la génération 68 a pris les figures de style, les métaphores, pour des réalités bien tangibles. Et les a transposées dans la vie quotidienne privée, affective, politique. On a commencé à parler d'“exploitation émotionnelle” dans le ménage, de “fonctionnalisation” dans le travail militant au sein même du projet alternatif, etc. Ce soupçon permanent, qui voit en tout une simple façade masquant une exploitation ou une tromperie, conduit à tout examiner, tout retourner, tout décortiquer, pour trouver, en bout de course, quelque chose de fondamentalement pourri, mauvais, pervers. La conséquence de cette méfiance quasi pathologique, paranoïaque, c'est l'incapacité à nouer des relations normales avec des hommes et des femmes d'un autre parti, d'un autre bord, avec d'autres catégories professionnelles, plus axées sur la technique, plus focalisées sur des critères pragmatiques, à accepter les goûts d'autrui, pire, dans les cas extrêmes, à n'être plus capable de nouer des relations humaines normales. Fatalité : l'exagérateur a toujours raison: il est vrai que l'amour, le couple, recèlent toujours, quelque part, une forme ou une autre de dépendance, que la vie de groupe implique toujours une dose d'exploitation réciproque. Mais le soupçon incessant, la volonté constante de dénoncer l'exploitation larvée, le défaut caché, l'immoralité occultée, conduit au néant social, au solipsisme. Le jusqu'auboutisme du processus de dénonciation conduit à des problématisations ad infinitum. La vie ne peut se déployer que si l'on refuse ces problématisations inutiles. Si on est capable de “laisser tomber”... Horx : « Cela, justement, nous l'avons très mal appris ».
◘ Matthias Horx, Aufstand im Schlaraffenland. Selbsterkenntnisse einer rebellischen Generation, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 1989, 216 p.
► Robert Steuckers, Nouvelles de Synergies Européennes n°6, 1994.
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dimanche, 10 juin 2012
Terre & Peuple n°51 - "Fuir la ville?"
Le numéro 51 de Terre & Peuple Magazine est centré autour du thème ‘Fuir la ville ?’
Dans son éditorial, Pierre Vial, qui relève l’intérêt et l’importance des résultats électoraux des populistes, rappelle toutefois que ce n’est pas là notre préoccupation première, laquelle est de maintenir le cap sur Thulé, pour préserver la continuité plurimillénaire de notre sang.
Xavier Eeman esquisse le portrait du mouvement politique et social Casa Pound, très actif d’abord à Rome et à présent dans toute l’Italie. Il mène une action permanente (occupation d’immeubles, logements et restaurants sociaux, clubs sportifs, concerts, etc) qui entend inventer l’avenir tout en assumant un passé dans lequel il ne se laisse pas enfermer.
Y fait pendant les confidences d’un cadre de la police judiciaire, notamment sur les règles de procédure rendues absurdes au point qu’il est persuadé que les élus qui les ont pondues pressentaient le risque de se trouver eux-même un jour en garde à vue ! Le même précise qu’il porte toujours un marteau de Thor sous son gilet pare-balles.
Robert Dragan dénonce la prestation désopilante et révélatrice, sur France Culture, de trois historiens du système qui, dans un français aussi approximatif que progressiste, ont prétendu défendre (soutenir) les lois mémorielles qui prétendent défendre (interdire) la contestation de génocides.
Pierre Vial ouvre le dossier central sur le film ‘Une hirondelle fait le printemps’, qui pose les bonnes questions quant à la décision de rompre avec le genre de vie qu’impose le système.
Jean Haudry décline, avec l’inventaire des noms de la ville chez les Indo-Européens, l’histoire de l’évolution de leur habitat, rural à l’origine et ensuite urbain.
Balmat, un ami identitaire qui a fait retour à la terre, se laisse interviewer sur les obstacles à la rupture avec la ville et sur sa faisabilité, notamment en se faisant éventuellement un devoir d’émarger tant que possible à la providence de l’Etat.
Arnaud de Robert, du MAS (Mouvement d’Action Sociale) pousse le cri de la fourmi : l’électoralisme n’est qu’une de nos armes. C’est en lui opposant l’Organique que nous avons à attaquer l’ennemi à sa racine, dans ses valeurs relatives (peurs, individualisme, consumérisme, désinformation, soumission, et). C’est par une organisation en réseau, dans laquelle Terre & Peuple incarne le pôle culturel, que nous avons à développer en synergies parallèles des actions sociales, économiques alternatives, sportives, artistiques, dans la discipline, la joie et la détermination. Il cite l’article 35 de la Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme : ‘Quand le gouvernement viole les droits du peuple, l’insurrection est le plus sacré des droits et le plus indispensable des devoirs.’
Pour Yvan Lajeanne, la ville constitue, en cas d ‘effondrement économique, un piège à rats. Il remarque qu’il y a en France mille communes de moins de cinquante habitants.
Robert Dragan note que 90% des Français vivent en EDU (espaces à dominante urbaine), lieux d’échanges des ‘aires de polarisation rurales’. L’agriculture représente moins de 3% de la population active. Les Français moyens s’évadent vers les grandes banlieues, mais un cadre supérieur ne peut pas survivre loin d’une métropole. Une opération de répartition spatiale des allogènes vise à les essaimer dans les campagnes. On doit relever une ‘diagonale du vide’, des Ardennes au Massif central.
Claude Perrin décortique, dans le sillage de Gustave Le Bon (‘La psychologie des foules’) et de Konrad Lorenz (‘L’agression’), les lois de l’unité mentale des foules et les risques de leur brutalité. Dans les observations du phénomène, il avertit contre la manipulation des statistiques.
Pierre Vial retrace l’histoire, depuis les temps préhistoriques, de la ville, lieu sacré de regroupement privilégié où se retrouver périodiquement, dont les hameaux néolithiques ne sont que la préfiguration. Dans l’Egypte antique, le même hiéroglyphe désigne la mère, la maison ou la ville. Toutefois, si le village invitait à perpétuer la tradition, la cité incite à l’innovation. Redoute défensive et agglutination de réserves humaines mobilisables, la cité se doit d’être un lieu d’ordre juridique souverain. Dans l’orient antique, cette nécessité débouchera sur le schéma totalitaire et l’obsession monothéiste. La cité grecque, au contraire, peuplée de citoyens et non de sujets, est toute autre. Le Grec a inventé la liberté : l’ordre n’est pour lui qu’une application du Beau et du Bien, par la conciliation des forces dionysiaques et apolliniennes. Cet ordre ne peut se fonder durablement que sur l’homogénéité ethnique, Aristote le souligne : l’hétérogénéité est facteur de sédition. Rome, qui en est un bon exemple, ne sera plus dans Rome dès lors que l’édit de Caracalla fera de n’importe qui un Romain. Les villes du moyen âge, sièges d’abord de l’autorité (de l’évêque et du comte) vont s’enrichir et s’affranchir (édifier des beffrois), voire s’associer (la Hanse), s’ériger en républiques, attirer les surplus démographiques des campagnes. Le XIXe siècle industriel va accentuer l’exode rural et l’exploitation capitaliste va rendre la ville révolutionnaire (la Commune).
Yvan Lajeannne, sans prophétiser la ‘Pétrocalypse’, note que l’agriculture industrielle utilise dix calories énergétiques pour fabriquer une calorie alimentaire. Au niveau actuel, il nous reste 40 années de pétrole (à consommation constante). Le sevrage va être douloureux et les tensions ont déjà commencé.
Alain Cagnat épingle, à propos de la Hongrie et de son premier ministre Viktor Orban, l’hostilité agressive de l’Union européenne à l’égard des peuples européens. Ont eu à la subir les Danois, les Français, les Néerlandais, les Irlandais, les Autrichiens. Hystériques, les bonnes âmes démocratiques réclament à présent des sanctions contre la Hongrie, coupable d’avoir abandonné sa dénomination ‘République de Hongrie’ et d’inscrire dans sa constitution « Dieu bénisse le peuple hongrois. » Et d’étendre aux crimes communistes l’imprescriptibilité d’application aux crimes nazis. Et de considérer l’embryon comme un être humain. Et de réserver le mariage aux couples mixtes. Et de reconnaître le droit de vote aux Hongrois de l’étranger (des minorités dans certains pays limitrophes). Enfin, bouquet final, de déprivatiser la banque centrale et d’imposer une taxe de crise aux banques (à 80% étrangères). Si l’Union européenne n’aime pas Orban, les Hongrois l’aiment : ils étaient plus de cent mille à lui manifester leur soutien.
Le même Alain Cagnat dénonce la pratique déloyale des puritains anglo-saxons, qui diabolisent leurs concurrents pour se justifier moralement, au nom d’une prétendue mission messianique, de les anéantir ensuite par les armes. La première guerre mondiale a ainsi permis aux puissances libérales de liquider les empires centraux réactionnaires, au moment où ceux-ci étaient en passe de devenir des challengers économiques et navals encombrants. Bien plus qu’à éradiquer la peste brune, la deuxième guerre mondiale a servi à empêcher la constitution d’un bloc continental. En trente ans, l’alliance a assujetti l’Europe et n’a plus qu’un adversaire : l’URSS. Au nom de la liberté, celle-ci sera mise à mort par épuisement dans une course aux armements et à l’espace. Dans le monde unipolaire qui fait suite, le Mal qui requiert le feu du ciel a d’abord été l’Irak et sa menace de destructions massives, avant d’être le terrorisme global de l’islamisme incarné par le spectre fantastique de Ben Laden. Dans l’apparente stratégie du chaos qui nous place à la veille de la troisième guerre mondiale, la modération est clairement le fait de l’Iran, de la Russie et de la Chine.
Ce numéro 51 se referme sur le large éventail des recensions des livres et périodiques qu’a lus Pierre Vial durant ce trimestre : une moisson de très riches heures.
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vendredi, 08 juin 2012
Sezession, Heft 48, Juni 2012
Sezession
Aktuelle Druckausgabe (10 €)
Heft 48, Juni 2012
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Nietzsche vu par Guillaume Faye
Réponses de Guillaume Faye au questionnaire de la Nietzsche académie. Guillaume Faye, ecrivain engagé, ancien membre du GRECE, ancienne figure de la Nouvelle droite, est l'auteur dernièrement de Mon programme aux éditions du Lore.
Ex: http://nietzscheacademie.over-blog.com/
- Quelle importance a Nietzsche pour vous ?
- La lecture de Nietzsche a constitué la base de lancement de toutes les valeurs et idées que j’ai développées par la suite. Quand j’étais élève des Jésuites, à Paris, en classe de philosophie (1967), il se produisit quelque chose d’incroyable. Dans ce haut lieu du catholicisme, le prof de philo avait décidé de ne faire, durant toute l’année, son cours, que sur Nietzsche ! Exeunt Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Marx et les autres. Les bons pères n’osèrent rien dire, en dépit de ce bouleversement du programme. Ça m’a marqué, croyez-moi. Nietzsche, ou l’herméneutique du soupçon... C’est ainsi que, très jeune, j’ai pris mes distances avec la vision chrétienne, ou plutôt christianomorphe du monde. Et bien entendu, par la même occasion, avec l’égalitarisme et l’humanisme. Toutes les analyses que j’ai développées par la suite ont été inspirées par les intuitions de Nietzsche. Mais c’était aussi dans ma nature. Plus tard, beaucoup plus tard, récemment même, j’ai compris, qu’il fallait compléter les principes de Nietzsche par ceux d’Aristote, ce bon vieux Grec au regard apollinien, élève d’un Platon qu’il respecta mais renia. Il existe pour moi un phylum philosophique évident entre Aristote et Nietzsche : le refus de la métaphysique et de l’idéalisme ainsi que, point capital, la contestation de l’idée de divinité. Le « Dieu est mort » de Nietzsche n’est que le contrepoint de la position aristotélicienne du dieu immobile et inconscient, qui s’apparente à un principe mathématique régissant l’univers. Aristote et Nietzsche, à de très longs siècles de distance, ont été les seuls à affirmer l’absence d’un divin conscient de lui-même sans rejeter pour autant le sacré, mais ce dernier s’apparentant alors à une exaltation purement humaine reposant sur le politique ou l’art. Néanmoins, les théologiens chrétiens n’ont jamais été gênés par Aristote mais beaucoup plus par Nietzsche. Pourquoi ? Parce qu’Aristote était pré-chrétien et ne pouvait connaître la Révélation. Tandis que Nietzsche, en s’attaquant au christianisme, savait parfaitement ce qu’il faisait. Néanmoins, l’argument du christianisme contre cet athéisme de fait est imparable et mériterait un bon débat philosophique : la foi relève d’un autre domaine que les réflexions des philosophes et demeure un mystère. Je me souviens, quand j’étais chez les Jésuites, de débats passionnants entre mon prof de philo athée, nietzschéen, et les bons Père (ses employeurs) narquois et tolérants, sûrs d’eux-mêmes.
- Quel livre de Nietzsche recommanderiez-vous ?
- Le premier que j’ai lu fut Le Gai Savoir. Ce fut un choc. Et puis, tous après, évidemment, notamment Par-delà le bien et le mal où Nietzsche bouleverse les règles morales manichéennes issues du socratisme et du christianisme. L’Antéchrist, quant à lui, il faut le savoir, a inspiré tout le discours anti-chrétien du néo-paganisme de droite, dont j’ai évidemment largement participé. Mais on doit noter que Nietzsche, d’éducation luthérienne, s’est révolté contre la morale chrétienne à l’état pur que représente le protestantisme allemand, mais il n’a jamais vraiment creusé la question de la religiosité et de la foi catholique et orthodoxe traditionnelles qui sont assez déconnectées de la morale chrétienne laïcisée. Curieusement le Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra ne m’a jamais enthousiasmé. Pour moi, c’est une œuvre assez confuse où Nietzsche se prend pour un prophète et un poète qu’il n’est pas. Un peu comme Voltaire qui se croyait malin en imitant les tragédies de Corneille. Voltaire, un auteur qui, par ailleurs, a pondu des idées tout à fait contraires à cette « philosophie des Lumières » que Nietzsche (trop seul) a pulvérisée.
- Etre nietzschéen, qu'est-ce que cela veut dire ?
- Nietzsche n’aurait pas aimé ce genre de question, lui qui ne voulait pas de disciples, encore que… (le personnage, très complexe, n’était pas exempt de vanité et de frustrations, tout comme vous et moi). Demandons plutôt : que signifie suivre les principes nietzschéens ? Cela signifie rompre avec les principes socratiques, stoïciens et chrétiens, puis modernes d’égalitarisme humain, d’anthropocentrisme, de compassion universelle, d’harmonie utopique universaliste. Cela signifie accepter le renversement possible de toutes les valeurs (Umwertung) en défaveur de l’éthique humaniste. Toute la philosophie de Nietzsche est fondée sur la logique du vivant : sélection des plus forts, reconnaissance de la puissance vitale (conservation de la lignée à tout prix) comme valeur suprême, abolition des normes dogmatiques, recherche de la grandeur historique, pensée de la politique comme esthétique, inégalitarisme radical, etc. C’est pourquoi tous les penseurs et philosophes auto-proclamés, grassement entretenus par le système, qui se proclament plus ou moins nietzschéens, sont des imposteurs. Ce qu’a bien compris l’écrivain Pierre Chassard, qui, en bon connaisseur, a dénoncé les « récupérateurs de Nietzsche ». En effet, c’est très à la mode de se dire « nietzschéen ». Très curieux de la part de publicistes dont l’idéologie, politiquement correcte et bien pensante, est parfaitement contraire à la philosophie de Friedrich Nietzsche. En réalité, les pseudo-nietzschéens ont commis une grave confusion philosophique : ils ont retenu que Nietzsche était un contestataire de l’ordre établi mais ils ont fait semblant de ne pas comprendre qu’il s’agissait de leur propre ordre : l’égalitarisme issu d’une interprétation laïcisée du christianisme. Christianomorphe de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur. Mais ils ont cru (ou fait semblant de croire) que Nietzsche était une sorte d’anarchiste, alors qu’il prônait un nouvel ordre implacable, Nietzsche n’était pas, comme ses récupérateurs, un rebelle en pantoufles, un révolté factice, mais un visionnaire révolutionnaire.
- Le nietzschéisme est-il de droite ou de gauche ?
- Les imbéciles et les penseurs d’occasion (surtout à droite) ont toujours prétendu que les notions de droite et de gauche n’avaient aucun sens. Quelle sinistre erreur. Même si les positions pratiques de la droite et de la gauche peuvent varier, les valeurs de droite et de gauche existent bel et bien. Le nietzschéisme est à droite évidemment. Nietzsche vomissait la mentalité socialiste, la morale du troupeau. Mais ce qui ne veut pas dire que les gens d’extrême-droite soient nietzschéens, loin s’en faut. Par exemple, ils sont globalement anti-juifs, une position que Nietzsche a fustigée et jugée stupide dans nombre de ses textes et dans sa correspondance, où il se démarquait d’admirateurs antisémites qui ne l’avaient absolument pas compris. Le nietzschéisme est de droite, évidemment, et la gauche, toujours en position de prostitution intellectuelle, a tenté de neutraliser Nietzsche parce qu’elle ne pouvait pas le censurer. Pour faire bref, je dirais qu’une interprétation honnête de Nietzsche se situe du côté de la droite révolutionnaire en Europe, en prenant ce concept de droite faute de mieux (comme tout mot, il décrit imparfaitement la chose). Nietzsche, tout comme Aristote (et d’ailleurs aussi comme Platon, Kant, Hegel et bien entendu Marx – mais pas du tout Spinoza) intégrait profondément le politique dans sa pensée. Il était par exemple, par une fantastique prémonition, pour une union des nations européennes, tout comme Kant, mais dans une perspective très différente. Kant, pacifiste et universaliste, incorrigible moralisateur utopiste, voulait l’union européenne telle qu’elle existe aujourd’hui : un grand corps mou sans tête souveraine avec les droits de l’Homme pour principe supérieur. Nietzsche au contraire parlait de Grande Politique, de grand dessein pour une Europe unie. Pour l’instant, c’est la vision kantienne qui s’impose, pour notre malheur. D’autre part, le moins qu’on puisse dire, c’est que Nietzsche n’était pas un pangermaniste, un nationaliste allemand, mais plutôt un nationaliste – et patriote – européen. Ce qui était remarquable pour un homme qui vivait à une époque, la deuxième partie du XIXe siècle (« Ce stupide XIXe siècle » disait Léon Daudet) où s’exacerbaient comme un poison fatal les petits nationalismes minables intra-européens fratricides qui allaient déboucher sur cette abominable tragédie que fut 14-18 où de jeunes Européens, de 18 à 25 ans, se massacrèrent entre eux, sans savoir exactement pourquoi. Nietzsche, l’Européen, voulait tout, sauf un tel scénario. C’est pourquoi ceux qui instrumentalisèrent Nietzsche (dans les années 30) comme un idéologue du germanisme sont autant dans l’erreur que ceux qui, aujourd’hui, le présentent comme un gauchiste avant l’heure. Nietzsche était un patriote européen et il mettait le génie propre de l’âme allemande au service de cette puissance européenne dont il sentait déjà, en visionnaire, le déclin.
- Quels auteurs sont à vos yeux nietzschéens ?
- Pas nécessairement ceux qui se réclament de Nietzsche. En réalité, il n’existe pas d’auteurs proprement “nietzschéens”. Simplement, Nietzsche et d’autres s’inscrivent dans un courant très mouvant et complexe que l’on pourrait qualifier de “rébellion contre les principes admis”.Sur ce point, j’en reste à la thèse du penseur italien Giorgio Locchi, qui fut un de mes maîtres : Nietzsche a inauguré le surhumanisme, c’est-à-dire le dépassement de l’humanisme. Je m’en tiendrai là, car je ne vais pas répéter ici ce que j’ai développé dans certains de mes livres, notamment dans Pourquoi nous combattons et dans Sexe et Dévoiement. On pourrait dire qu’il y a du ”nietzschéisme” chez un grand nombre d’auteurs ou de cinéastes, mais ce genre de propos est très superficiel. En revanche, je crois qu’il existe un lien très fort entre la philosophie de Nietzsche et celle d’Aristote, en dépit des siècles qui les séparent. Dire qu’Aristote était nietzschéen serait évidemment un gag uchronique. Mais dire que la philosophie de Nietzsche poursuit celle d’Aristote, le mauvais élève de Platon, c’est l’hypothèse que je risque. C’est la raison pour laquelle je suis à la fois aristotélicien et nietzschéen : parce que ces deux philosophes défendent l’idée fondamentale que la divinité supranaturelle doit être examinée dans sa substance. Nietzsche jette sur la divinité un regard critique de type aristotélicien. La plupart des auteurs qui se disent admirateurs de Nietzsche sont des imposteurs. Paradoxal : je fais un lien entre le darwinisme et le nietzschéisme. Ceux qui interprètent Nietzsche réellement sont accusés par les manipulateurs idéologiques de n’être pas de vrais « philosophes ». Ceux-là même qui veulent faire dire à Nietzsche, très gênant, l’inverse de ce qu’il a dit. Il faut dénoncer cette appropriation de la philosophie par une caste de mandarins, qui procèdent à une distorsion des textes des philosophes, voire à une censure. Aristote en a aussi été victime. On ne pourrait lire Nietzsche et d’autres philosophes qu’à travers une grille savante, inaccessible au commun. Mais non. Nietzsche est fort lisible, par tout homme cultivé et censé. Mais notre époque ne peut le lire qu’à travers la grille d’une censure par omission.
- Pourriez-vous donner une définition du Surhomme ?
- Nietzsche a volontairement donné une définition floue du Surhomme. C’est un concept ouvert, mais néanmoins explicite. Évidemment, les intellectuels pseudo-nietzschéens se sont empressés d’affadir et de déminer ce concept, en faisant du Surhomme une sorte d’intellectuel nuageux et détaché, supérieur, méditatif, quasi-bouddhique, à l’image infatuée qu’ils veulent donner d’eux-mêmes. Bref l’inverse même de ce qu’entendait Nietzsche. Je suis partisan de ne pas interpréter les auteurs mais de les lire et, si possible, par respect, au premier degré. Nietzsche reliait évidemment le Surhomme à la notion de Volonté de Puissance (qui, elle aussi, a été manipulée et déformée). Le Surhomme est le modèle de celui qui accomplit la Volonté de Puissance, c’est-à-dire qui s’élève au dessus de la morale du troupeau (et Nietzsche visait le socialisme, doctrine grégaire) pour, avec désintéressement, imposer un nouvel ordre, avec une double dimension guerrière et souveraine, dans une visée dominatrice, douée d’un projet de puissance. L’interprétation du Surhomme comme un ”sage” suprême, un non-violent éthéré, un pré-Gandhi en sorte, est une déconstruction de la pensée de Nietzsche, de manière à la neutraliser et à l’affadir. L’intelligentsia parisienne, dont l’esprit faux est la marque de fabrique, a ce génie pervers et sophistique, soit de déformer la pensée de grands auteurs incontournables mais gênants (y compris Aristote ou Voltaire) mais aussi de s’en réclamer indument en tronquant leur pensée. Il y a deux définitions possibles du Surhomme : le surhomme mental et moral (par évolution et éducation, dépassant ses ancêtres) et le surhomme biologique. C’est très difficile de trancher puisque Nietzsche lui-même n’a utilisé cette expression que comme sorte de mythème, de flash littéraire, sans jamais la conceptualiser vraiment. Une sorte d’expression prémonitoire, qui était inspirée de l’évolutionnisme darwinien. Mais, votre question est très intéressante. L’essentiel n’est pas d’avoir une réponse “ à propos de Nietzsche ”, mais de savoir quelle voie Nietzsche, voici plus de cent ans, voulait ouvrir. Nietzsche ne pensait pas, puisqu’il était anti-humaniste et a-chrétien, que l’homme était un être fixe, mais qu’il était soumis à l’évolution, voire à l’auto-évolution (c’est le sens de la métaphore du « pont entre la Bête et le Surhomme »). En ce qui me concerne, (mais là, je m’écarte de Nietzsche et mon opinion ne possède pas une valeur immense ) j’ai interprété le surhumanisme comme une remise en question, pour des raisons en partie biologiques, de la notion même d’espèce humaine. Bref. Cette notion de Surhomme est certainement, beaucoup plus que celle de volonté de puissance, un de ces pièges mystérieux que nous a tendu Nietzsche, une des questions qu’il a posée à l’humanité future Oui, qu’est-ce que le Surhomme ? Rien que ce mot nous fait rêver et délirer. Le Surhomme n’a pas de définition puisqu’il n’est pas encore défini. Le Surhomme, c’est l’homme lui-même. Nietzsche a peut-être eu l’intuition que l’espèce humaine, du moins certaines de ses composantes supérieures (pas nécessairement l’”humanité”), pourraient accélérer et orienter l’évolution biologique. Une chose est sûre, qui écrase les pensées monothéistes fixistes en anthropocentrée : l’Homme n’est pas une essence qui échappe à l’évolution. Et puis, au concept d’Ubermensch, n’oublions jamais d’adjoindre celui de Herrenvolk... prémonitoire. D’autre part, il ne faut pas oublier les réflexions de Nietzsche sur la question des races et des inégalités anthropologiques. La captation de l’œuvre de Nietzsche par les pseudo-savants et les pseudo-collèges de philosophie (comparable à celle de la captation de l’œuvre d’Aristote) s’explique par le fait très simple suivant : Nietzsche est un trop gros poisson pour être évacué, mais beaucoup trop subversif pour ne pas être déformé et censuré.
- Votre citation favorite de Nietzsche ?
- « Il faut maintenant que cesse toute forme de plaisanterie ». Cela signifie, de manière prémonitoire, que les valeurs sur lesquelles sont fondées la civilisation occidentale, ne sont plus acceptables. Et que la survie repose sur un renversement ou rétablissement des valeurs vitales. Et que tout cela suppose la fin du festivisme (concept inventé par Phillipe Muray et développé par Robert Steuckers) et le retour aux choses sérieuses.
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Philosophie, Synergies européennes | Lien permanent | Commentaires (5) | Tags : nietzsche, philosophie, guillaume faye, nouvelle droite | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
lundi, 04 juin 2012
Globalistische Kulturszene
Claus WOLFSCHLAG:
Globalistische Kulturszene
Ex: http://www.jungefreiheit.de/
Die „Neue Weltordnung“ führt zu neuen globalen Menschentypen. Menschentypen, die von der Verbindung zu einer Heimat, zu Nation, Religion, überlieferten Traditionen und Werten weitgehend abgeschnitten sind. Eine Gliederung dieser angestrebten Weltgesellschaft erfolgt demnach nicht mehr auf der Ebene verschiedener Völkerschaften, sondern nur noch durch kurzlebige Subkulturen oder Hobby-Gemeinschaften und die soziale Schichtung.
Der stumpfe Discounter-Konsument gehört somit ebenso zum Spiel wie der global austauschbare Bürohengst, der dauerflugreisende Manager oder eine sich im Globalismus sonnende Kulturszene. Will man der Seele der „Neuen Weltordnung“, des westlichen Kapitalismus und der globalistischen Ideologie auf die Spur kommen, dann blättere man einfach ein bißchen im Zentralorgan der spezifischen Kreativszene: Der Zeitschrift Vice.
Das kostenlose Blatt liegt in Musikläden und Szene-Boutiquen aus, kann aber auch abonniert werden. Gegründet wurde das Magazin 1994 von drei arbeitslosen Freunden in Montreal, wechselte dann nach Entzug der staatlichen Förderung nach New York, um dort zur beliebten Lektüre der städtischen Subkultur zu werden. Der Habitus eines skurrilen Kunststudenten-Magazins soll nicht täuschen, denn hinter Vice versteckt sich mittlerweile ein weltweit agierendes Medienunternehmen mit 3000, großenteils freien, Mitarbeitern und festen Niederlassungen in vier Ländern.
Vermeintlich gebildete Großstädter als Zielgruppe
Das Magazin erscheint entsprechend seiner globalistischen Ausrichtung in 26 Staaten mit einer Gesamtauflage von 1,2 Millionen Exemplaren. Angeschlossen sind Musiklabel, Buchverlag, Werbeagentur, Filmproduktionen und eine Bekleidungsreihe. Für die zugehörige Fernsehfirma vbs.tv wurde der Anspruch formuliert, das MTV des 21. Jahrhunderts zu werden. Vice ist somit die konsequente Weiterentwicklung einstiger Szene-Magazine der 90er Jahre, beispielsweise „Tempo“. Es ist nahe liegend, daß die deutsche Redaktion in Berlin, Prenzlauer Berg, untergebracht ist.
Die Zielgruppe sind junge, vermeintlich gebildete Großstädter. Viele haben wohl ihre Wurzeln im Punk und der Skateboardkultur. Die meisten Mitarbeiter kommen aus dem Bereich der bis 25-jährigen Jungkreativen und Dauerpraktikanten, deren Motiv der Stolz ist, zum Geringverdienst für ein globales Szenemagazin arbeiten zu dürfen.
Mit-Gründer Suroosh Alvi klassifizierte den Lesertypus folgendermaßen: „Uns überraschte, daß sich unsere Leser überall auf der Welt sehr ähneln. Ganz gleich, ob in Rio, Moskau oder Sydney: Unsere Fans hören die gleichen Bands und tragen die gleichen Jeans.“ Lars Jensen ergänzte in der FAZ: „Sie kennen sich mit Turnschuhen aus, tragen originell bedruckte T-Shirts, halten Porno für eine Kunstform, und in einem Magazin sehen sie gerne kraß ausgeleuchtete Fotos von kotzenden Mädchen.“
Kokain, AIDS und Wohlstandskinder
Nachdem sich das Magazin anfangs um den eigenen Kosmos drehte, um Kokain und Trainingsjacken mit asymmetrischen Reißverschlüssen, begann man sich zunehmend auch für Auslandsreportagen zu interessieren. Dabei geht es vor allem um spektakuläre Bilder, die dem Nervenkitzel gesättigter Wohlstandskinder dienen, zum Beispiel um Kinder tötende afrikanische Warlords, in Abwasserkanälen hausende kolumbianische Obdachlose, nordkoreanische Soldatinnen oder die größte Puffsiedlung des Kongo mit einer AIDS-Rate von 100 Prozent.
Irakische Derwische werden als „echte Stecher“ präsentiert, denn sie „feiern Gott, indem sie sich selbst durchbohren“. Ein afrikanisches Flüchtlingslager wird als „die heißeste Scheiße der Welt“ betitelt. Die Artikel dienen meist nicht wirklicher tiefer Erkenntnis durch die Begegnung mit dem Fremden, sondern nur der Vorführung von vermeintlicher Skurrilität. Das Fremde ist hier das kauzige Überbleibsel einer langsam verschwindenden Welt. Der Zug fährt schließlich in eine Richtung, und der „kosmopolitische Trendsetter“ ist der Leitstern.
Das Rezept der teils durchaus unterhaltsamen Berichte ist, daß diese möglichst spektakulär oder irre sein müssen. Am besten beides zusammen. Nun ist insofern dagegen nichts zu sagen, als Boulevard-Medien oftmals nach dieser inhaltlichen Devise verfahren. Das Spezifikum von „Vice“ aber ist, daß sich Macher und Leser meilenweit über Medien wie der Bild-Zeitung, The Sun oder dem Kölner Express stehend wähnen.
Die Faszination des Abstoßenden
Sie bedienen somit das trügerische Selbstbild scheinbarer geistiger Überlegenheit. Zweitens aber, und das ist das fatalere, präsentieren sie ihren Boulevard-Journalismus bewußt im Gewand der Verhäßlichung. Sie richten sich also an eine satte, gelangweilte urbane Jugendszene, deren letzter Nervenkitzel es ist, möglichst wackelige Fotos von möglichst häßlichen Objekten zu erstellen oder sich daran zu ergötzen.
Die Faszination des Abstoßenden ist es, die viele Leser zu Vice lockt. Das ist natürlich auch der Zielgruppe angepaßt, bedient das „Anti“ gegen die schöne Welt der Tradition (auf der einen Seite) und der Hochglanzmagazine (auf der anderen Seite) doch oft nur die intellektuelle Selbstüberschätzung weiter Teile des kreativen Milieus.
Über die 14-tägige Feier der Insassen des psychiatrischen Klinikums Wahrendorff wird als „Klapsen-Disco“ berichtet. Eine brasilianische Dragqueen erklärt, „wie Mann sich eine Pussy macht“. Ein Bericht über Karatschi wird als „Reportage aus Pakistans verrücktester Stadt“ angekündigt. Man begegnet tätowierten Rockers, skurrilen NPD-Politikern, drogensüchtigen Russen in Abbruchhäusern. Man kann eine Fotostrecke von „Hunden mit Perücken“ betrachten. „Gibt es etwas Amüsanteres als verkleidete Hunde?
Der globalistische Menschentyp
Wir glauben kaum“, heißt es dazu im typischen Vice-Jargon. Auf Fotos sieht man aufgeplatzte Jeans, einen halbnackten Weihnachtsmann mit grünem Bart, dicke Frauen in engen bunten Leggins, Models mit angekauten Pizzastücken auf der Zunge, mit Lackfarbe bemalte Finger, einen entblößten Hintern mit Zigarette zwischen den Backen, einen körperbehaarten Gewichtheber, ein halb gegessenes Sandwich auf einer Mauerbrüstung, debil blickende Zwillinge, eine alte Frau mit blauem Auge in der U-Bahn. Comicfiguren übergeben sich in kleinen Strips, erledigen ihr kleines und großes Geschäft oder werden brutal verstümmelt.
Der globalistische Menschentypus, der von Vice als Zielgruppe angesprochen werden soll, wird als der „kosmopolitische Trendsetter“ klassifiziert. Hier kann man exemplarisch sehen zu welch geistiger Armseligkeit die Globalisierung und ihre schleichende Gleichschaltung der weltweiten Lebensstile als Endprodukt führt. Die FAZ schrieb über sie: „Von den etablierten Medien haben sie sich längst abgewendet, wie die ihre Weltsicht nicht abbilden.“ Doch das stimmt nicht wirklich. Vice treibt die Weltsicht des westlichen Linksliberalismus nur bis zur konsequenten Spitze. Alles andere ist Attitüde einer sich überlegen wähnenden Lifestyle-Avantgarde.
Ungezügelter Kapitalismus
Es ist ähnlich wie einst beim alten Punk, der oft die gleichen Dreßcodes und hedonistischen Lebensvorstellungen vertrat wie der verhaßte Yuppie. Nur die äußerlichen Merkmale unterschieden sich. Wo hier die Bierflasche gehoben wurde, war es dort das Sektglas.
Das Zusammenspiel von avantgardistischer Rebellenpose und finanzstarker Werbeindustrie läuft dabei wie geschmiert. Werbekunden sind unter anderem Nike, Adidas, Calvin Klein, Sony und Diesel. Auch hierin zeigt sich, daß der Inhalt der global agierenden Konzerne allein der Profitmaximierung dient. Wenn sich mit Kot und Kotze Geld machen läßt, stehen Geldgeber jederzeit bereit, auch fragwürdigste Projekte zu stützen. Bei Vice darf der Kapitalismus eben ungeniert seine häßliche Seite zeigen.
Dr. Claus Wolfschlag wurde 1966 in Nordhessen geboren. Er ist seit vielen Jahren als Journalist, Kultur- und Geisteswissenschaftler für diverse Magazine, Wochen- und Tageszeitungen tätig. Zudem veröffentlichte er mehrere Bücher zu den Themenbereichen Geschichte, Politik und Kunst. 2007 erschien sein Buch „Traumstadt und Armageddon“ über die Geschichte des Science-Fiction-Films.
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Révolution conservatrice | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : réflexions personnelles, globalisation, libéralisme, moeurs contemporaines, nouvelle droite | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
samedi, 02 juin 2012
Démythifier Mai 68
Archives - 2001
Werner OLLES:
Démythifier Mai 68 ou comment l’idéologie soixante-huitarde est devenue un instrument de domination
Werner Olles, ancien activiste du 68 allemand, a été membre du SDS de Francfort-sur-le-Main puis de divers groupes de la “nouvelle gauche” avant de rejoindre les cercles nationaux-révolutionnaires et néo-droitistes allemands; Dans cet article, rédigé en 2001, il explique les raisons qui l’ont poussé à abandonner l’univers politico-intellectuel des gauches extrêmes allemandes. On notera qu’il cite Pier Paolo Pasolini et déplore que l’arrivée aux postes du pouvoir des premiers anciens activistes, avec un Joschka Fischer devenu ministre des affaires étrangères, n’a rien changé à la donne: l’Allemagne est toujours dépendante des Etats-Unis, sinon davantage, et le débat intellectuel est toujours bétonné...
Marx, en se référant à Hegel, avait dit, à propos du 18 brumaire de Napoléon, que les événements historiques importants, touchant le monde entier, se déroulaient toujours deux fois: la première fois comme tragédie, la seconde fois comme farce. Cette remarque est également pertinente quand s’échaffaudent les mythes politiques. Mais tandis que les mythologies qui évoquent les fondations d’une nation articulent toujours les actions collectives d’un peuple, qui se hisse d’un état de nature à un degré plus élevé de civilisation, l’histoire du mouvement soixante-huitard ressemble plus à une parodie de ce passage qu’à une véritable transition “anamorphique”. Mais cette histoire du soixante-huitardisme a tout de même un point commun avec la formation des mythes nationaux: “Le mensonge du mythe héroïque culmine dans l’idolâtrie du héros”, comme l’écrit Freud dans sa “Psychologie des masses”. En ce sens, le mythe de mai 68 n’est rien de plus, aujourd’hui, qu’un instrument servant à asseoir la domination d’une nouvelle classe politique.
Pier Paolo Pasolini, le célèbre écrivain, poète, journaliste et metteur en scène italien, nous a laissé un poème, écrit justement en 1968: “Le PCI aux jeunes!”. Pasolini, observateur très précis de l’aliénation généralisée qui frappait toutes les couches de la population et tous les domaines de l’existence, était communiste et homme de gauche, une équatioin qui n’est pas toujours évidente, mais qui l’était dans son cas. Dans ce fameux poème, il prend ses distances expressis verbis et en termes clairs avec les étudiants radicaux de gauche, qui avaient pourtant réussi à faire battre la police en retraite, lors des premières grandes batailles de rue, à Rome, au printemps de l’année 1968. Il désignait ces étudiants comme des “bourgeois, fils à la mamma” et se solidarisait avec les policiers rossés, parce qu’ils étaient “les fils de pauvres gens nés dans les zones déshéritées des campagnes ou des grandes villes”.
En tant que marxiste, Pasolini ne rejettait pas la violence en général mais s’insurgeait contre celle que pratiquaient les “Brigades rouges” des années 70 qui commettaient des attentats et des enlèvements, tout en menant une guérilla urbaine assez efficace dans toute l’Italie. La gauche lui a en voulu. Et quand il s’est opposé à la libéralisation de l’avortement et s’est insurgé avec véhémence contre la permissivité sexuelle dans la société nouvelle, la mesure était comble pour les gauches conventionnelles: en effet, pour Pasolini, la libéralisation des moeurs et de la sexualité ne voulait qu’en apparence le bonheur des gens; en réalité, il s’agissait d’introduire les ferments d’un dressage des corps pour qu’ils soient le support d’homoncules destinés à une seule chose: accroître démesurément la consommation et ce qui en découle logiquement, la croissance exponentielle des marchés. Du coup l’hérétique et dissident Pasolini a subi un cordon sanitaire: on ne le reconnaissait plus comme un clerc de la religion marxiste.
Pasolini a donc reconnu la montée du nouveau totalitarisme introduit par le mouvement soixante-huitard, quand les plupart des conservateurs et des droitiers dormaient encore du sommeil du juste. Pasolini désignait la tolérance pour ce nouveau système de domination et son “idéologie hédoniste incontournable” comme “la pire de toutes les formes de répression de l’histoire de l’humanité”, parce qu’elle niait les anciens schémes culturels. Malheureusement, son message n’est pas passé en République fédérale allemande dès la fin des années 60 et le début des années 70. Pasolini était animé d’un courage désespéré quand il s’est opposé au libéralisme débordant mis en selle par le carnaval de 68, un libéralisme qui n’avait qu’un seul objectif: dilater démesurément la sphère de l’économie marchande. En Allemagne, personne n’a posé d’analyse aussi pertinente, certainement pas les “intellectuels”.
Ce sont surtout les ouvriers des usines qui ont compris; nous, les intellectuels soixante-huitards, ricanions avec méchanceté et affichions un net complexe de supériorité: nous les traitions de “masses dépendantes du salariat”, trahissant du même coup que nous ne voulions pas leur émancipation. Pour eux, nous ne prévoyions pas “l’auto-réalisation de l’individu”. Les ouvriers comprenaient que le démontage systématique des valeurs traditionnelles par l’esprit de 68 ouvrait la voie à un capitalisme débridé, consumériste et utilitariste, cynique et détaché de tout impératif éthique ou social. Sans jamais avoir entendu parler de “Diamat”, de “matérialisme dialectique”, sans jamais avoir lu Marx —qui considérait la persistance des sociétés traditionnelles comme le plus grand obstacle à la percée du socialisme et, qui, logique avec lui-même, saluait la destruction des vieilles cultures d’Inde par les impérialistes britanniques— les ouvriers allemands de la fin des années 60 comprenaient instinctivement que les schèmes, les structures et les valeurs traditionnelles du monde traditionnel leur offraient encore une protection, certes limitée et fragile, contre le déferlement d’un capitalisme sans plus aucun garde-fou: ils barraient la route à nos équipes subversives devant la porte des usines, généralement sans y aller par quatre chemins.
La classe qui aurait dû incarner ces valeurs traditionnelles, c’est-à-dire la bourgeoisie d’après-guerre, très vite, s’est retrouvée la queue entre les pattes, a exprimé toute sa lâcheté et n’a pas forgé une alliance avec la classe ouvrière contre les “soixante-huitards” et leurs épigones. De plus, elle a tout fait pour interdire à l’Etat, détenteur du monopole de la violence, d’intervenir efficacement contre ses propres gamins et gamines, tourneboulés par les “idées nouvelles”. Alors, forcément, la dynamique de cette lutte des classes exemplaire a pu se déployer sans entraves venues de haut. Après la lecture d’Herbert Marcuse, notamment sa “Critique de la tolérance pure”, ouvrage-culte et vulgarisation extrême du néo-marxisme de l’époque, et surtout le chapitre intitulé “La tolérance répressive”, on s’est senti autorisé à commettre les pires violences irrationnelles. A cela s’est ajouté le refus net, dans l’Allemagne d’alors, de prendre en compte les contradictions entre la rhétorique catastrophiste du SDS (l’opposition extra-parlementaire étudiante) et de ses épouvantables successeurs, d’une part, et, d’aute part, la réalité socio-économiques e l’Allemagne de l’Ouest des années 60, réalité encore acceptable, potable, contrairement à ce qui se passait dans les pays du Tiers Monde.
Dans le processus politique et historique qu’elle inaugurait, la mentalité de 1968 anticipait tout ce que nous déplorons à juste titre aujourd’hui: une société désormais totalement massifiée, l’omnipotence des médias, la destruction de traditions culturelles aux racines pourtant profondes, le processus ubiquitaire de nivellement, par lequel tout ce qui est authentique et particulier se voit détruit et qui, finalement, ne tolère que la seule idéologie du consumérisme, flanquée d’une industrie des loisirs, des variétés et de la comédie qui se déploie jusqu’à la folie. Le processus de destruction de toute forme de culture et la perte de tout socle identitaire, qui est allée en s’accélérant depuis les années 70, ne cessent de s’amplifier et d’atteindre tous les domaines de nos existences.
Certes, les valeurs traditionnelles, dites “bourgeoises” par leurs adversaires, n’étaient déjà plus assez fortes, avant 1968, pour constituer un contre-poinds à la “révolution culturelle”. Quasiment personne, à l’époque, n’a eu le courage de s’opposer aux bandes violentes qui déferlaient sur les universités et les hautes écoles, personne, sauf le professeur social-démocrate Carlo Schmid, n’a osé dire: “l’autorité ne cèdera pas!”. Personne n’a eu le courage de dire, sauf sans doute, le bourgmestre de Francfort, le chrétien-démocrate Wilhelm Fay, que la violence et le fanatisme du SDS et de l’APO constituaient un retour à l’exigence, par la coercition, d’un nouveau conformisme, d’une nouvelle fidélité forcée à des idéaux minoritaires, d’une obligation à suivre les impératifs idéologiques d’une caste réduite en nombre, comme ce fut le cas sous le national-socialisme.
Après que le mouvement et sa mythologie aient littéralement remplacé la réalité, tout en refusant avec entêtement la sanction du réel, une forme imprévue jusqu’alors d’hystérie de masse s’est libérée, alors qu’on imaginait qu’une telle hystérie n’était le fait que des seules sectes religieuses. On peut affirmer que les groupuscules nés de la dissolution du SDS, comme les partis “ML” (marxistes-léninistes), n’ont pas été autre chose qu’un mélange d’aveuglement politique, qu’un cocktail perfide de “scientologie” et d’“Hell’s Angels”, où les phénomènes psychopathologiques donnaient le ton, avec tout le cortège voulu de dérives emblématiques: lavage de cerveau, apologie du pire kitsch révolutionnaire, et surtout les fameuses “discussions” sans fin, épouvantablement emmerdantes, crispées et sans épaisseur. Le sommet de la bêtise a été atteint quand ces associations staliniennes de “sports de combat”, avec leurs jeunes bourgeois se complaisant dans une culture fabriquée sur le mode “sous-prolétarien”, se vantaient d’être des analphabètes politiques et culturels complets, tout en voulant imiter dans les rues les bagarres qui avaient opposé, dans les années 20 et 30, les nationaux-socialistes aux communistes. Pendant que ces bourgeois de souche se donnaient des airs de révolutionnaires prolétariens d’antan, les jeunes ouvriers, eux, roulaient vers le soleil de l’Espagne (franquiste!) au volant de leurs Ford Taunus flambant neuves.
Quand on lit aujourd’hui les textes de ces activistes, tentant de justifier et d’expliquer leurs revendications ou leurs actes —et on les lira avec profit— on perd le souffle. Jamais, ils ne se montrent honteux de leurs simplismes. Jamais ils ne s’excusent d’avoir commis des dépradations ou des dérapages. Jamais un regret. On dirait que la table de bistrot, autour de laquelle ils refaisaient le monde ou jouaient à préparer l’hypothétique révolution finale, en usant d’un jargon intellectuel de gauche, est toujours la même: les discours sont toujours impavides, inflexibles, relèvent toujours d’une bande qui n’a rien appris, ne veut rien apprendre. Ce n’est peut-être pas évident chez tous les protagonistes du 68 allemand, ou ce n’est pas immédiatement perceptible, comme chez un Gerd Koenen, un K. D. Wolff ou un Christian Semmler. Mais ce l’est assurément chez un Joseph Fischer ou un Joscha Schmierer. On nage là dans le “radical chic” et toutes les idées avancées ne sont rien d’autre que des déductions ultérieures des vieilles et fausses visions de la fin des années 60 et du début des années 70.
La République Fédérale en est sortie ébranlée et ce n’est finalement qu’une maigre consolation de savoir qu’Ulrike Meinhof n’est pas devenue Chancelière, que Joscha Schmierer n’est pas devenu ministre de la justice, que Jürgen Trittin n’est pas devenu un nouveau “ministre de la propagande”, bref, que la République Fédérale n’est pas devenue une “République Ouest-Allemande des Conseils” (“Westdeutsche Räterrepublik”). Mais si c’est une consolation, ce n’est pas pour autant matière à réjouissance. Dans le gouvernement Schröder/Fischer, finalement, nous avons vu surgir l’accomplissement du mouvement soixante-huitard: nous avons une démocratie très teintée à gauche (la gauche de 68 et non plus la vieille social-démocratie), sans personnalité d’envergure, avec une médiocrité très nettement perceptible, où l’on se bornera à l’avenir de changer les pions: tous auront les mêmes réflexes, les mêmes tares, répéteront les mêmes schèmes mentaux. Car il n’est pas resté davantage de 68. Et aussi longtemps que les intérêts des “Global Players” sont plus ou moins identiques à ceux de cette gauche allemande aux assises branlantes, on peut s’attendre au retour récurrent de ces schèmes mentaux dans les allées du pouvoir en Allemagne.
Werner OLLES.
(article paru dans “Junge Freiheit”, Berlin, n°9/2001; trad. franç.: avril 2012; http://www.jungefreiheit.de/ ).
00:05 Publié dans Archives, Nouvelle Droite, Réflexions personnelles | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : werner olles, réflexions personnelles, nouvelle droite, mai 68, pier paolo pasolini, allemagne | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
vendredi, 01 juin 2012
Entretien avec Alexandre Douguine
Entretien avec Alexandre Douguine
Propos recueillis par le magazine allemand “Zuerst”
( http://www.zuerst.de )
Q.: Monsieur Douguine, la Russie subit un feu roulant de critiques occidentales, surtout depuis la réélection de Vladimir Poutine à la présidence de la fédération de Russie. Les politiciens etl es médias prétendent que les élections ont été truquées, que Poutine n’est pas un démocrate et qu’il bafoue les “droits de l’Homme”...
AD: Vladimir Poutine, qu’on le veuille ou non, apprtient aux vrais grands sur la scène politique internationale. Pourtant, il faut dire que la politique qu’il préconise est très spéciale, ce que bon nombre de politiciens et de médiacrates occidentaux ne sont apparemment pas capables de comprendre. D’une part, Poutine est un libéral, un homme politique résolument tourné vers l’Occident; d’autre part, il est un défenseur acharné de laa souveraineté et de l’indépendance russes. C’est pourquoi il s’oppose de front aux Etats-Unis et à leurs intérêts géopolitiques. Poutine est donc simultanément libéral-démocrate et souverainiste. Il est ensuite un réaliste politique absolu, une personnalité politique non fantasque. Poutine serait par voie de conséquence le partenaire idéal de tout pays occidental qui accorderait à la souveraineté une valeur identitque et aussi élevée. Mais les pays d’Occident ont abandonné depuis longtemps les valeurs du réalisme politique...
Q.: Que voulez-vous dire par là?
AD: Voyez-vous, ce que croit l’Occident aujourd’hui, c’est qu’un jour toutes les démocraties libérales abandonneront leur souveraineté et se fonderont dans une sorte de “super-nation” sous l’hégémonie américaine. Telle est bien l’idée centrale de la globalisation à l’oeuvre aujourd’hui. Ce projet est irréalisable avec un Vladimir Poutine car il s’y oppose et défend la souveraineté russe. Ensuite, il ne reconnaît pas la prétention américaine à exercer cette hégémonie en toute exclusivité. C’est là qu’il faut chercher la vraie raison des attaques acharnées que commet l’Occident contre lui et de sa diabolisation. C’est aussi la raison pour laquelle l’Occident soutient de manière aussi spectaculaire l’opposition russe: il s’agit d’acquérir de l’influence et de consolider l’hégémonie occidentale.
Q.: D’après vous donc, Poutine fait tout ce qu’il faut faire...
AD: Bien sûr que non. Il a commis des erreurs, notamment lors des dernières élections pour le Parlement. Elles n’ont pas été aussi transparentes qu’elles auraient dû l’être.
Q.: La critique occidentale s’adresse surtout aux élections présidentielles...
AD: Pourtant, lors de ces élections-là, c’était le contraire: elles ont été parfaitement transparentes. La grande majorité des électeurs soutient Poutine, voilà tout, même si l’Occident ne peut ni ne veut le comprendre. L’étranger ne soutient qu’une minorité pro-américaine, ultra-libérale et hostile à toute souveraineté russe, pour qu’elle s’attaque à Poutine. Tel est l’enjeu. Voyez-vous, Poutine peut être bon ou mauvais en politique intérieure, cela n’a pas d’importance pour l’Occident. La mobilisation de ses efforts pour maintenir l’idée de souveraineté —et pas seulement la souveraineté russe— et l’existence d’un monde multipolaire fait qu’il est la cible de toutes les attaques occidentales.
Q.: L’Ukraine aussi subit désormais de lourdes attaques médiatiques en provenance de l’Occident. C’est surtout la détention de Ioulia Timochenko que critiquent les médias. Est-ce que l’enjeu en Ukraine est le même qu’en Russie?
AD: La situation en Ukraine est complètement différente, même si les critiques occidentales visent également la souveraineté du pays.
Q.: Le président ukrainien Viktor Ianoukovitch est considéré par les agences médiatiques occidentales comme “pro-russe”...
AD: C’est pourtant faux. Ianoukovitch tente de maintenir un équilibre politique entre la Russie et l’Union Européenne. Bien sûr, il n’estp as aussi pro-occidental que ne l’était Mme Timochenko. Ce qui dérange l’Occident, c’est que Ianoukovitch s’est à nouveau rapproché de la Russie. C’est contraire aux intérêts atlantistes. Ioulia Timochenko est aujourd’hui le symbole de ce que l’on a appelé la “révolution orange” —que l’Occident a soutenu matériellement et idéologiquement en Ukraine. C’est pour cette raison que les forces atlantistes la considèrent comme une héroïne.
Q.: Ce que l’on critique surtout, ce sont les conditions de détention de Ioulia Timochenko. On dit que ces conditions bafouent lourdement les règles convenues quant aux droits de l’Homme...
AD: L’Occident utilise les droits de l’Homme à tour de bras pour pouvoir exercer influence et chantage sur les gouvernements qui lui déplaisent. Si l’on parle vrai et que l’on dévoile sans détours ses plans hégémoniques et ses véritables intérêts politiques, on obtient moins de succès que si l’on adopte un langage indirect et que l’on évoque sans cesse les droits de l’Homme. Voilà ce qu’il faut toujours avoir en tête.
Q.: Vous venez d’évoquer la “révolution orange” qui a secoué l’Ukraine en 2004. Les protestations et manifestations contre Poutine à Moscou, il y a quelques mois et quelques semaines, ont-elles, elles aussi, été une nouvelle tentative de “révolution colorée”?
AD: Absolument.
Q.: Pourquoi ces manifestations se déroulent-elles maintnenant et pourquoi cela ne s’est-il pas passé auparavant?
AD: Il me paraît très intéressant d’observer le “timing”. Il y a une explication très simple. Le Président Dmitri Medvedev est considéré en Occident comme une sorte de nouveau Gorbatchev. L’Occident avait espéré que Medvedev aurait introduit des réformes de nature ultra-libérales lors de son éventuel second mandat présidentiel et se serait rapproché des Etats-Unis et de l’UE. Mais quand Medvedev a déclaré qu’il laisserait sa place de président à Poutine et qu’il redeviendrait chef du gouvernement, la “révolution” a aussitôt commencé en Russie.
Q.: Les protestations et manifestations visaient cependant les fraudes supposées dans le scrutin et le manque de transparence lors des présidentielles...
AD: Non, ça, c’est une “dérivation”. Il s’agissait uniquement d’empêcher tout retour de Poutine à la présidence. Une fois de plus, bon nombre d’ONG et de groupes influencés par l’Occident sont entrés dans la danse. Cela a permis d’accroître l’ampleur des manifestations, d’autant plus que certains déboires el a politique de Poutine ont pu être exploités. La politique de Poutine n’a pas vraiment connu le succès sur le plan social et il restait encore quelques sérieux problèmes de corruption dans son système. C’était concrètement les points faibles de sa politique. Mais répétons-le: la révolte contre Poutine a été et demeure inspirée et soutenue par l’étranger et n’a finalement pas grand chose à voir avec ces faiblesses politique: il s’agissait uniquement de barrer la route au souverainisme qu’incarne Poutine.
Q.: D’après vous, Medvedev serait pro-occidental...
AD: La politique russe est plus compliquée qu’on ne l’imagine en Occident. Laissez-moi vous donner une explication simple: d’une part, nous avons le souverainiste et le Realpolitiker Poutine, d’autre part, nous avons les “révolutionnaires (colorés)” et les atlantistes ultra-libéraux soutenus par l’Occident. Medvedev se situe entre les deux. Ensuite, les oligarques comme, par exemple, Boris Abramovitch Beresovski qui vit à Londres, jouent un rôle important aux côtés des révolutionnaires ultra-libéraux.
Q.: A ce propos, on ne fait qu’évoquer la figure de Mikhail Khodorkovski, sans cesse arrêté et emprisonné. Dans les médias occidentaux, il passe pour un martyr du libéralisme et de la démocratie. Comment jugez-vous cela?
AD: Il représente surtout le crime organisé en Russie. Dans un pays occidental, on n’imagine pas qu’un individu comme Khodorkovski ne se retrouverait pas aussi en prison. Il est tout aussi criminel que les autres oligarques qui ont amassé beaucoup d’argent en très peu de temps.
Q.: Et pourquoi les autres ne sont-ils pas en prison?
AD: C’est là que je critiquerai Poutine: les oligarques qui se montrent loyaux à son égard sont en liberté.
Q.: Quelle a été la faute de Khodorkovski?
AD: Khodorkovski n’a fait que soutenir les positions pro-occidentales, notamment quand il a plaidé pour un désarmement de grande envergure de l’armée russe. Il a soutenu les forces libérales et pro-occidentales en Russie. Pour Khodorkovski, le “désarmement” de la Russie constituait une étape importante dans l’ouverture du pays au libéralisme et à l’occidentalisation. Il fallait troquer l’indépendance et la souveraineté contre un alignement sur les positions atlantistes. Alors qu’il était l’homme le plus riche de Russie, Khodorkovski a annoncé qu’il était en mesure d’acheter non seulement les parlements mais aussi les électeurs. Il est même allé plus loin: il a fait pression sur Poutine pour faire vendre aux Américains la plus grosse entreprise pétrolière russe, “Ioukos”.
Q.: Khodorkovski était donc opposé à Poutine en bien des domaines?
AD: Effectivement. Khodorkovski a ouvertement déclaré la guerre à Poutine. Et Poutine a réagi, fait traduire l’oligarque en justice, où il a été condamné, non pas pour ses vues politiques mais pour les délits qu’il a commis. Pour l’Occident, Khodorkovski est bien entendu un héros. Parce qu’il s’est opposé à Poutine et parce qu’il voulait faire de la Russie une part du “Gros Occident”. Voilà pourquoi de nombreux gouvernements occidentaux, les agences médiatiques et les ONG prétendent que Khodorkovski est un “prisonnier politique”. C’est absurde et ridicule. Ce qui mérite la critique, en revanche, c’est que dans notre pays un grand nombre d’oligarques sont en liberté alors qu’ils ont commis les mêmes délits que Khodorkovski. Ils sont libres parce qu’ils n’ont pas agi contre Poutine. Voilà la véritable injustice et non pas l’emprisonnement que subit Khodorkovski.
Q.: Peut-on dire que, dans le cas de Khodorkovski, Poutine a, en quelque sorte, usé du “frein de secours”?
AD: Oui, on peut le dire. Avant que Khodorkovski ait eu la possibilité de livrer à l’étranger le contrôle des principales ressources de la Russie, Poutine l’a arrêté.
Q.: Vous parlez de groupes et d’ONG pro-occidentaux qui soutiennent en Russie les adversaires de Poutine et qui, en Ukraine et aussi en Géorgie, ont soutenu les “révolutions colorées”. Qui se profile derrière ces organisations?
AD: Celui qui joue un rôle fort important dans toute cette agitation est le milliardaire américain Georges Soros qui, par l’intermédiaire de ses fondations, soutient à grande échelle les groupements pro-occidentaux en Russie; A Soros s’ajoutent d’autres fondations américaines comme par exemple “Freedom House” dont les activités sont financées à concurrence de 80% par des fonds provenant du gouvernement américain. “Freedom House” finance par exemple la diffusion de l’ouvrage de Gene Sharp, politologue américain auteur de “The Politics of non violent Action”, auquel se réfèrent directement les “révolutionnaires colorés” d’Ukraine. Beaucoup d’autres groupements et organisations sont partiellement financés par le gouvernement américain ou par des gouvernements européens en Russie ou dans des pays qui firent jadis partie de l’Union Soviétique. Nous avons affaire à un véritable réseau. Toutes les composantes de ce réseau sont unies autour d’un seul objectif: déstabiliser la Russie pour qu’à terme le pays deviennent une composante de la sphère occidentale.
Q.: Est-ce là une nouvelle forme de guerre?
AD: On peut parfaitement le penser. Les révolutions colorées représentent en effet une nouvelle forme des guerre contre les Etats souverains. Les attaques produisent des effets à tous les niveaux de la société. Dans cette nouvelle forme de guerre, on ne se pas pas en alignant et avançant des chars ou de l’artillerie mais en utilisant toutes les ressources des agences de propagande, en actionnant la pompe à finances et en manipulant des réseaux avec lesquels on tente de paralyser les centres de décision de l’adversaire. Et l’une des armes les plus importantes dans le nouvel arsenal de cette nouvelle forme de guerre, c’est la notion des “droits de l’Homme”.
Q.: Monsieur Douguine, nous vous remercions de nous avoir accordé cet entretien.
00:07 Publié dans Entretiens, Nouvelle Droite | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : entretiens, nouvelle droite, russie, alexandre douguine | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
Guillaume Faye’s Why We Fight
The Rectification of Names:
Guillaume Faye’s Why We Fight
By F. Roger Devlin
Ex: http://www.counter-currents.com/
Guillaume Faye
Why We Fight: Manifesto of the European Resistance
London: Arktos Media, 2011
Available from Counter-Currents [2] and from Amazon.com [3]
Guillaume Faye’s newly translated Kampfschrift aims to rally Europe, “our great fatherland, that family of kindred spirits, however politically fragmented, which is united on essentials, favoring thus the defense of our civilization.” He sees even nationalism as a kind of sectarianism which European man cannot afford at present: “when the house is on fire domestic disputes are put on hold.” For this reason, Faye has never belonged to the Front National, but has more recently lent support to the French Euronationalist organization Nationality-Citizenship-Identity (see www.nationalite-citoyennete-identite.com [4]).
Over three-quarters of the present volume is devoted to what a Confucian philosopher would call “the rectification of names [5].” It is interesting to observe how revolutionary ideologies are never able to express themselves in ordinary language. Being based upon a partial and distorted view of reality, they necessarily create a jargon all their own. Once they succeed in imposing it upon a subject population, they have won half their battle. Who exactly decided that loyalty to one’s people, known since time immemorial as patriotism and considered as one of the most essential virtues, would henceforth become the crime of racism? Faye’s “metapolitical dictionary” is a blow directed against such semantic distortion.
Here follows a brief sample:
Aristocracy: those who defend their people before their own interests. An aristocracy has a sense of history and blood lineage, seeing itself as the representative of the people it serves, rather than as members of a caste or club. Not equivalent to an economic elite, it can never become entirely hereditary without becoming sclerotic.
Biopolitics: a political project oriented to a people’s biological and demographic imperatives. It includes family and population policy, restricts the influx of aliens, and addressed issues of public health and eugenics.
Devirilisation: declining values of courage and virility for the sake of feminist, xenophile, homophile and humanitarian values.
Discipline: the regulation and positive adaptation of behavior through sanction, reward and exercise. Egalitarian ideology associates discipline and order with their excesses, i.e., with arbitrary dictatorship. But just the contrary is the case, for freedom and justice are founded on rigorous social discipline. Every society refusing to uphold law and order, i.e., collective discipline, is ripe for tyranny and the loss of public freedoms.
Germen: a people’s or civilization’s biological root. In Latin, germen means ‘germ’, ‘seed.’ If a culture is lost, recovery is possible. When the biological germen is destroyed, nothing is possible. The germen is comparable to a tree’s roots. If the trunk is damaged or the foliage cut down, the tree can recover—but not if the roots are lost. That’s why the struggle against race-mixing, depopulation and the alien colonization of Europe is even more important than mobilizing for one’s cultural identity and political sovereignty.
Identity: etymologically, ‘that which makes singular’. A people’s identity is what makes it incomparable and irreplaceable.
Involution: the regression of a civilization or species to maladaptive forms that lead to the diminishing of its vital forces. Cultural involution has been stimulated by the decline of National Education (40% of adolescents are now partially or completely illiterate), the regression of knowledge, the collapse of social norms, the immersion of youth in a world of audio/visual play [and] the Africanization of European culture.
Mental AIDS: the collapse of a people’s immune system in the face of its decadence and its enemies. Louis Pauwels coined the term in the 1980s and it set off a media scandal. In general, the more the neo-totalitarian system is scandalized by an idea and demonizes it, the more likely it’s true.
With biological AIDS, T4 lymphocytes, which are supposed to defend the organism, fail to react to the HIV virus as a threat, and instead treat it as a ‘friend’, helping it to reproduce. European societies today are [similarly] menaced by the collapse of their immunological defenses. As civil violence, delinquency and insecurity explode everywhere, police and judicial measures that might curb them are being undermined. The more Third World colonization damages European peoples, the more measures are taken to continue it. Just as Europe is threatened with demographic collapse, policies which might increase the birth rate are denounced and homosexuality idealized. Catholic prelates argue with great conviction that ‘Islam is an enrichment’, even as it clearly threatens to destroy them.
Museologicalization: the transformation of a living tradition into a museum piece, which deprives it of an active meaning or significance. A patrimony is constructed every day and can’t, thus, be conserved in a museum. Modern society is paradoxically ultra-conservative and museological, on the one hand, and at the same time hostile to the living traditions of identity.
Populism: the position which defends the people’s interests before that of the political class—and advocates direct democracy. This presently pejorative term must be made positive. The prevailing aversion to populism expresses a covert contempt for authentic democracy. For the intellectual-media class, ‘people’ means petits blancs—the mass of economically modest, non-privileged French Whites—who form that social category which is expected to pay its taxes and keep quiet. On the subjects of immigration, the death penalty, school discipline, fiscal policies—on numerous other subjects—it’s well known that the people’s deepest wishes as revealed in referenda and elsewhere never, despite incessant media propaganda, correspond to those of the government. Anti-populism marks the final triumph of the isolated, pseudo-humanist, and privileged political-media class—which have confiscated the democratic tradition for their own profit.
Resistance and Reconquest: faced with their colonization by peoples from the south and by Islam, Europeans, objectively speaking, are in a situation of resistance. Like Christian Spain between the Eighth and Fifteenth centuries, their project is one of reconquest. Resistance today is called ‘racism or ‘xenophobia’, just as native resisters to colonial oppression were formerly called ‘terrorists.’ A semantic reversal is in order here: those who favor the immigrant replacement population ought, henceforward, to be called ‘collaborators.’
Many of our false sages claim that it’s already too late, that the aliens will never leave, that the best that can be expected is a more reasonable form of ethnic cohabitation. [They] do so on the basis not of reasoned analysis, but simply from their lack of ethnic consciousness.
Revolution: a violent reversal of the political situation, following the advent of a crisis and the intervention of an active minority.
For Europeans, revolution represents a radical abolition, a reversal, of the present system and the construction of a new political reality based on the following principles: 1) an ethnocentric Eurosiberia, free of Islam and the Third World’s colonizing masses; 2) continental autarky, breaking with globalism’s free-trade doctrines; 3) a definitive break with the present organization of the European Union; and 4) a general recourse to an inegalitarian society that is disciplined, authentically democratic, aristocratic and inspired by Greek humanism. (Faye has previously written of the need for Euronationalists to reclaim the idea of revolution from the poseurs of the left.)
In a brief closing chapter, Faye answers the question posed by his book’s title:
We fight for Europe. We fight for a Europe infused with ideas of identity and continuity, of independence and power—this Europe that is an ensemble of ethnically related peoples. We fight for a vision of the world that is both traditional and Faustian, for passionate creativity and critical reason, for an unshakable loyalty and an adventurous curiosity, for social justice and free inquiry. We fight nor just for the Europeans of today, but for the heritage of our ancestors and the future of our descendents.
Faye’s writing has a bracing quality which never lapses into elegy or pessimism:
Nothing is lost. It’s completely inappropriate to see ourselves in the nostalgia of despair, as a rearguard, a last outpost, that struggles with panache for a lost cause. World events give us cause to believe that the situation is heading toward a great crisis—toward a chaos from which history will be reborn.
Two years after Why We Fight (2001), Faye published his analysis of the coming crisis under the title The Convergence of Catastrophes. This will be the next of Faye’s works to be brought out in English translation by Arktos.
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/05/the-rectification-of-names/
00:05 Publié dans Livre, Nouvelle Droite | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : livre, nouvelle droite, guillaume faye, théorie politique | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
mardi, 29 mai 2012
La chevauchée littéraire, devenue mythique d’Artus
La chevauchée littéraire, devenue mythique d’Artus
Hervé Glot
Ex: http://metamag.fr/
Pierre Joannon
00:05 Publié dans Littérature, Nouvelle Droite, Revue, Terres d'Europe, Terroirs et racines, Traditions | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : celtes, celtisme, celtitude, bretagne, mythologie, mythologie celtique, mythes, revue, nouvelle droite, racines, terres d'europe, mythe arhurien | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
Credo: A Nietzschean Testament
Credo: A Nietzschean Testament
By Jonathan Bowden
Ex: http://www.counter-currents.be
Editor’s Note:
The following text is a transcript by Michael Polignano of a lecture by Jonathan Bowden given in London on September 8, 2007. The audio is available on YouTube here [2]. If you have any corrections or if you can gloss the passages marked as unintelligible, please contact me at editor@counter-currents.com [3] or simply post them as comments below.
I think ideas are inborn, and you’re attracted, if you have any, toward certain systems of thinking and sensibility and response. From a very young age, I was always fascinated about meaning and purpose and philosophy and those elements of religion which impinge on real matters.
And very early in life I was attracted to vitalist, authoritarian, and individualist ideas. And in my late teens I came across Friedrich Nietzsche’s writings in the 28-volume, Karl Schlecta edition. Now those ideas predate my interest in them, because I was drawn towards them in a particular way.
As we look around us in this society now, our people have an absence of belief. They’re very technically sophisticated. We still as a civilization bestride much of the rest of the world, like a sort of empty technological colossus. But if you peer inside, as to what we are supposed to believe, and account for, and what we think our destiny is individually and as a group, there’s a zero; there’s a nothingness; there’s a blank space for many people.
A hundred years ago, Christianity was an overarching system in our society, for those who went along with it socially, for those who believed in it in a deep core way. It’s now virtually — apart from small minorities — invisible. It’s extraordinary how a faith system that can shape a civilization in part for a millennium-and-a-half to two millennia, can disappear. Those who say that certain ideas and ideals are impossible should look at what’s happened to many of our belief systems.
A hundred years ago we had an elite. We actually had a government. We really haven’t had a government in this country, pretty much, for about 100 years. Not an elite that knows what it wants and understands its mission in life, and that will hand on to people after it, and that comes out groups that exist before it. We’re ruled by essentially a commercial elite, not an intellectual elite or a military elite or even a political one, but a commercial, profit-and-loss one.
And things have slid to such a degree now that if asked what does it mean to be British, probably about 8 million of our people will say Posh and Becks. That’s what it means for many people inundated to the tube, and its vapid nonsense.
Now there are many complicated reasons why much of what Western and white people used to believe in has gone down in the last century.
Nietzsche prophesied that the collapse of Christianity, for many people — even though he welcomed it personally — would be a disaster for them. Why so? Because it gave a structure and a meaning and an identity. A death without a context beyond it has no meaning. It’s meat before you. I believe that we’re hard-wired for belief, philosophical and religious, that we have to have it as a species and as a group. Look at the number of people who go completely to pieces when there is nothing outside beyond them to live for beyond instantaneous things right in front of them.
In France they teach philosophy from the age of six.
For the last couple of hundred years in the Anglo-Saxon and Anglophone world there’s been hostility to theory. There’s been a hostility to abstraction. There’s been a complete reaction against a thinker called Thomas Hobbes, who in many ways prefigures many events on the continent in the last century, many many centuries before. We had an extremely violent and convulsive political and dynastic revolution during the Cromwellian interregnum, and since then it should appear that we have a quiescence in this society. Yes we’ve had radical movements. But the last major political movement to occur was the forming of a party by the trade unions in 1900, which grew into the Labour Party after the Labour Representation Committee.
But the idea that nothing can ever happen in Britain and that we are asleep is false. English life is often depoliticized, yes, but culturally English life is always been quite vital, quite violent underneath the surface, quite emotional. In our Renaissance, which is really the Elizabethan period, we were renowned all over Europe for being vital, for being scientifically-oriented, for having our minds completely open towards the future. We were regarded as an aggressive and a powerful group that was coming of age. We created the greatest interconnected set of theater that the world had seen at that time since the Greeks.
We have lost our dynamism as a people: mentally and in every other way. Our people are still quite strong when it comes to the fist, and a bit of pushing and shoving. But what’s up here, is lacking. A thug is not a soldier, and a soldier is not a warrior. And it’s the strength which exists up here which is the thing that we have to cultivate. I believe that strength comes from belief, in things which are philosophically grounded and appear real to you.
One response that a critic would give to what I’ve just said, mentally speaking, is that it’s so individualized now and so broken down and everybody sort of makes it up as they go along — that’s called heuristic thinking, technically — and if everyone does make it up as they go along how will you ever have an organic culture again?
But I think this is to misunderstand Western society, and Western thought. When Blair says, when he used to be premier until couple of months ago, when Blair said that tolerance and equality and forbearance and humanism are our virtues, he was talking about, and turning against us, a tiny strand of our own civility which is part of our nature. English and British people often don’t like to impose their ideas on others, often will avoid conflict until it becomes actively necessary. Many of these characteristics have been turned on us and used against us.
There’s also a subtext to this country in the last 4 to 5 hundred years, and a lot of our Puritans and our obsessives and our fanatics and our extremists went abroad to found the United States. That’s where our Puritans went. Now many of them were gradgrind and the New Model Army banned Shakespeare in Newcastle, and flogged actors who dared to perform it. This is England’s greatest writer of course. So there’s a sort of Taliban self-destructivity, to that type of Puritanism. But we could do with an element if not a Puritanism, then of asceticism, of belief, and of asking foundational questions of what life is about.
To me this is what right-wing politics is really about. The issues that people campaign on at the level of the street are not incidentals. They are the expression of what’s happened when you are ruled by liberal ideas. We’ve been ruled by liberal ideas for many centuries but in their most acute form in the last 50 years. Liberal ideas say that men and women are the same and are interchangeable, that war is morally bad, that all races are the same and should all live together. That a population just exists, that a country is just a zone, just an economic area, that everything’s based on rationalism and materialism and is purely a calculation of economic self-interest.
Now there’ll be millions of our people who say “What’s this chap talking about? This is all abstraction.” Go out there on the street, and you see the example of the society that is based on these sorts of ideas.
Everybody’s mouthing somebody else’s ideas. Even Brown and Blair and the others. They are coming out with, in their own way, their 10th rate way, certain of the ideologies that they knew when they were at Edinburgh or Oxford or wherever. Because everybody speaks–unless they are a universal genius who takes hold of reality and reshapes it as a cosmos of themselves–everyone uses ideas that precede them and to which they are attracted. Even to say, “I haven’t got any ideas, and it’s all load of nonsense,” is an idea. Everything is ideological. Every BBC news broadcast is totally ideological, and is in some respects a soft form of communism, which is what liberalism is.
The last speaker today is a man called Tomislav Sunic, and his book Homo americanus, is about the American role in the world. And of course America is the model for much of the development that is going on in every continent and in every group on earth. America is the model. He said that, and don’t forget he’s a Croatian, and Eastern Europeans have lived under communism. Middle-class left-wing students in 1960s used to hold their fist in the air and talk about communism, but these people actually had to live under it. And that is a totally different formulation, in every respect. What was a protest against mummy and daddy, and a desire to smoke a bit of pot and do what you wanted, led to concentration camps and slavery and dysgenics and death in certain Eastern European societies. What was just the mantras of adult babies out of their cots in the West was terrorism in the East, and that’s what people don’t understand.
But in that book he said something very revealing. He said that communism kills the body, but liberalism rots the soul. And that’s exactly the case.
We face a situation in the West, where, paradoxically, spiritually we’re in a far worse state than the people who lived under communism. And this is one of the great ironies, because amongst its manias and the rest of it, communism froze things. It froze things glacially for 50 years in many respects. And much of the decay, the voluntarist decay, much of which we’ve imposed ourselves, because of ideas that successive generations of our leaders have adopted from themselves and from others, didn’t occur to the same degree in the East: the idea of self-denigration, that patriotism is the worst evil on Earth, that patriotism is one-stop from genocide, that you own group is always the worst group. This hadn’t been institutionalized and internalized quite to the same degree. It’s perverse that peace and plenty can produce more decadence and decay than hard-line Puritanism, artistic philistinism, queuing, and terror. But that’s what’s happened!
And in the East, of course, they now have the dilemma of westernization. And that’s joining us, because these are universal processes, and they won’t stop at the boundary between the old East and West Germany.
I was born in 1962. At the beginning of the 20th century, this country ruled large stretches of the world. We’re still relatively a normatively powerful country. The statistics say we’re between the fourth and the 20th most significant country on earth. But you also know, on all sorts of registers as you look around, that we don’t believe in anything anymore, that we’re in chaos, that a large number of our people are miseducated to the degree they hardly even know who they are. That patriotism, although it still exists in the blood and bone and in the consciousness of many people, has been partially indoctrinated out of many. That people look behind them before they make an incorrect remark, even if they’re in a wood! Even if they’re by themselves, they still look around! Because all these things are mental. They’re in the mind.
Five percent of all groups rule their own groups. And 80% always conform to the ruling ideology. If somebody says, “He’s a demon you know. He’s in one of those far right parties. He’s in the National Front.” That’s what they always say, because that’s the generic term amongst apolitical people for all right-wing groups, even though the BNP is by far the biggest group and has had by far as the greatest degree of electoral success, “It’s all the NF really.” And the mass attitude towards all this is it’s dangerous and threatening! It’s being a Catholic under high Protestantism. It’s something that’s a threat, and the masses are like this, and they always have been.
In Eastern Europe the present regimes would have you believe that the dissidents were loved. I tell you it’s a fact that under Soviet tyranny, if you saw Sharansky, if you saw Sakharov walking towards you, you’d say “Oh my God!” And you did everything to pretend that he was an unperson, that he didn’t exist, that you weren’t in the street with him. There could be a man in a watchtower watching you. Now everyone comes and says, “Oh we agreed with you all along.”
And in this society liberalism has learned how to rule in a far more sophisticated way. Towards the end of the quasi-Stalinist state in Czechoslovakia secret policeman were looking under people’s beds for abstract paintings and jazz music and this sort of nonsense. The West allows people to dissent, just to think in their own little boxes, and don’t give a damn. Doesn’t bother to ban books because 40% of the population can’t read them anyway. This is how liberalism rules. It doesn’t allow the privilege of dissent, because it disprivileges dissenting ideas. And if people can’t think, and those ideas aren’t worth anything anyway, it’s invisible. And therefore you don’t even need to “persecute.” You can put economic pressure on people, so you got a choice to be sort of decanted from bourgeois life if you manifest in public certain types of opinion. That’s one of the pressures that’s put on people. That’s done deliberately to stop people who have education forming in the head, forming a brain, forming an elite with the fist. And that’s done quite deliberately, so that the leaders will be choked off.
If you go to the University–and Blair and Brown say everybody should go to university. At the University of Slough straight up the Thames Valley, there are 28,000 students, and they give courses in golf and tourism and hairdressing. It’s just mass training for a postindustrial society, for sort of semi-robotic nerds to do repetitive tasks in trained environments where they’ve been timed and watched all the time.
Now because I believe it’s thought which characterizes our race and our group more than anything else, I think thinking is cardinal for many people.
When the events of 1968 occurred, there were convulsive riots all across the Western world by left wing Western youth. They can raise hundreds of thousands in the streets, and in the key events in Paris and elsewhere, there were a million in the street. There were also very large riots in the United States on many campuses. Western people have always been convulsed by ideals and by ideas. The idea that it’s all in the past, that Fukuyama said that history is ended, and then 9/11 happened. History never ends, and things go on and repeat themselves and come back again, at times even more violently than before.
What our people are crying out for isn’t really a religion or a belief system, it’s a form of mental strengthening in and of themselves, to overcome the disprivileging mechanisms that don’t allow them to think and also allow them to reconnect with core areas of identity.
I’m not a Christian. And I never was. Although I went to a Catholic school, and they educated me very well. And almost every book in that library was by a dead White European male. And almost everything the one learnt culturally — from the rather gory sort of Grünewald-type crucifixion as you went in, to the Dali on the wall, the reverse crucifixion scene, in reverse perspective from above, that was next to the assembly point, and to everything else — everything was European. And that’s why people become Catholics. Did you notice many parents become interested when their child’s about 10? And that’s because they want to get them into these schools. Why do they want to get them into the schools? Because they retain the structure and the discipline. You don’t leave when you’re 16 and don’t even know what your name is, you can’t read or write, you speak like a Jamaican gangster, you have no respect for what you are and what you could become.
Now you hear about youth crime, and you hear a lot about the uncontrollability of many people in society. They’re not controlled because there’s no control up here.
One of the cardinal weaknesses of the contemporary West is the feminization of all areas of life. Masculinity is a sacred thing, and yet it’s been demonized and disprivileged in the Western world, regarded as just an excuse for brutality. Masculinity is about self-control. It’s about respect and power that’s ventilated when it’s necessary to use it. The only way in which you would cure many of the problems that presently exist with elements of lumpen and criminality at all levels of life is to reintroduce National Service, with maximum harshness in the initial period.
And a few would die because, they’d be too obese to get through those tunnels, and over those walls with serrated glass, with people screaming at them in an unpleasant accent. But you would need to do that. And the reason isn’t physical; the reason is psychological. Some of our Marines cried when the Revolutionary Guard in the Gulf took their iPods off them. This is where we’ve declined! This is the Green Berets! These are the Royal Marines! The Revolutionary Guard in Iran, the Quds brigade, which is the elite brigade which reports directly to the supreme leader, Ayatollah Khamenei, couldn’t believe it when they saw that sort of thing. The post-imperial British truly have a tremble in the lip. But these things in the end are cultural, and philosophical, and psychological.
Now our civilization has had many religions and many dispensations of thought. But one of the things that we have forgotten is that open-mindedness to the future and respect for evidence does not mean woolliness and an absence of certitude in what we are.
There’s a thinker who existed two-and-a-half thousand years ago called Heraclitus, and my type of thinking is his linear descendant. He’s a pre-Socratic; he’s a sophist; he begins right at the beginning Western thought, when we actually write down what we think. He wrote a book on nature which Aristotle glossed, and which has survived in fragments.
What did he believe?
He believed that everything is a form of energy. “Fire” he called it; we would call it “energy” today. That it exists in all forms of organic and inorganic matter. That thought and the sentience of nature is what we are. Nature has become sentient in us which means we must incarnate natural law as a principle of being. It’s called becoming in my philosophy. The right, even if you don’t use that term, stands for nature and for that which is given.
What does that mean?
It means conflict is natural, and good. It means domination is natural, and good. It means that what you have to do in order to survive, is natural, and good. It means that we should not begin every sentence by apologizing for our past or apologizing for who we are.
Tony Blair made several interconnected apologies when he was Premier, but he didn’t apologize for being Premier. He apologized for the Irish famine. I’ve got Irish blood, but I’m not interested in apologies for the Irish famine. He apologized for the Shoah. He apologized for slavery. He apologized for almost everything going. These apologies are meaningless, as some of the groups that they were targeted on had the courage to say. It’s just temporizing sympathy.
In my philosophy sympathy multiplies misery. And if somebody’s in pain in front of you, you give them some options. And if they can’t get through it, suicide’s always an option.
Now, what does Nietzsche believe? He believes that strength is moral glory. That courage is the highest form of morality. That life is hierarchical. That everything’s elitist. There’s a hierarchy in each individual. And a hierarchy in every group of individuals. There’s a hierarchy between groups of individuals. Inequality is what right-wing ideas really mean.
Right-wing ideas aren’t just a bit of flag-waving and baiting a few Muslims. Right-wing ideas are spiritually about inequality. The left loves equality. It believes we’re all the same. We must be treated the same. And they believe that as a morality. As a moral good which will be imposed.
Under communism, Pol Pot shot everyone who’d read book that he didn’t approve of. Why did he do that? Because he wanted everyone to be the same, and everyone to think in the same way. Asiatics have a formal description. It’s called the tall poppy syndrome. They look at the plants. They decide one’s a bit out of kilter. It’s standing higher than the others, so you snip it down, so all are the same.
Pol Pot’s not his real name by the way. It’s a joke name; it means “political potential.” When he was very young, Maoists wrote down, “This man has political potential.” “Pol Pot.” And that’s where he took it from. This man is a terroristic psychopath. But when he took over his society with a teenage militia high on drugs, and almost everything had been blitzed and was defenseless, he put into practice in a cardinal way, what many of these Western idiots in the 60s with their fists in the air have been proposing. He sat in Paris, in salons listening to Kristeva, listening to Sartre, listening to de Beauvoir. And he imposed it implacably like the cretin he was. The family is immoral. Shoot all the village priests that got people married. Shoot people who are bit too keen on marriage. Shoot everyone who’s read books about marriage. Shoot everybody who ever said marriage is a good thing. That’s quite a pile of bodies, and you haven’t started yet.
That is communism in its rawest and its crudest form. It’s a sort of morality of bestiality, essentially. And it can’t even impose equality, because in the communist societies of yesteryear, the elite will have its own shops, and its own channels, and they will have their own corrupt systems to keep their children out of military service, and so on. Just like Clinton’s America, or Vietnam America before it. Every elite in that sense will recompose, despite the stigma.
Inequality is the truth. Because nature is unjust, but also fair in its injustice. Because there’s always a balance. People who are very gifted in one area will have grotesque weaknesses in another. People who are strong in one area will be weak in another. People who are at the bottom within a hierarchy have a role and have a place in a naturally ordered society. And will be looked after, because patriotism really is the only socialism. That’s why the right appeals to all parties. And to all groups within a culture. Because all have a place.
Now, I believe that in the Greek civilization, a peasant woman could kneel before an idol, and could have a totally literalist — it’s called metaphysically objectivist — view of the religion. She believes in it absolutely. A fundamentalist in contemporary terms. And you can go right through the culture to extremely sophisticated intellectuals, some of whom were agnostics and atheists who supported religion — yes they did!
Charles Maurras was believed to be an atheist, but he led a Catholic fundamentalist movement in France. Why? Because if you are right-wing, you don’t want to tear civilization down just because you privately can’t believe. You understand the discourse of mass social becoming. What does a wedding mean? What does a death mean? What does the birth of a child mean? Unless there’s something beyond it? What does a war mean? Just killing for money? Unless there’s another dimension to it
We are reduced: as White people first, and just as humans second. But we have to understand that belief is not a narrowness. Belief is an understanding that there are truths outside nature, and outside the contingent universe that’s in front of us, that are absolute. The left-wing view that it’s all relative, or we make it up as we go along, is false.
Nietzsche believes that we test ourselves here now in relation to what’s going on before us. And the more primordial we are, the more we live in accordance with what we might become, the more we link with those concepts which are eternal and that exist outside us.
So what appears with half an eye closed to be an atheistic, a secular, and a modern system, if you switch around and look at it from another perspective, is actually a form for traditional ideas of the most radical, the most far-reaching, the most reactionary, and most archaic and primordial sort to come back. To come back from the past.
What the New Right on the Continent in the last 40 years has been is the reworking of certain ideas, including certain ideas associated with fascism, and their reworking so that they come back, into modernity, where we are now.
If you look at mass and popular culture, the heroic is still alive. It’s still alive in junk films, in comic books, in forms that culturally elitist society and intellectuals disprivilege.
Why the heroic treated at that level? Because liberalism can’t deal with the heroic. It doesn’t have a space for it in its ideology, so it decants it.
Nothing can be destroyed. Liberals think that they’ve destroyed the ideas in this room, but they haven’t: they’ve just displaced them into other areas. And they’ve found new ways to come up, and new syntheses that emerge.
Much of popular culture involves the celebration of men–iconographically, in films and so on–who are authoritarian, who are hierarchical, who are elitist. How many cinema posters have you seen with the man alone with a gun staring off into the distance? It’s the primordial American myth.
These are men who think “fascistically.” And they fight against fascism. They fight against authoritarian ideas of what the West once was and can be. This is always the trick: that they will use the ideology of the Marine Corps, to fight for a liberal, a humanist, and a Democratic purpose. That’s the trick. In every film, in every television program, in every comic, in every simple novel, in everything that the masses consume that isn’t purely about sex or sport, the heroic is there. And they always fight for liberal causes, and their enemies are always grinning Japanese generals, or Nazis. Used again, and again, and again, as a stereotype, of a stereotype, of a stereotype, to impose the idea that that which is core, primal, Indo-European, is morally wrong.
I must have spoken, in the four years I was in the British National Party, at 100 events, 120 events, 150 events, if you add everything together. Now, I’ve never mentioned this topic, which I’m going to talk briefly about now. And this is the topic known as the Shoah.
Now all my life, this has been used as a weapon. All my life. Against any self-assertion by us.
Whenever the most mild and broken-backed Tory starts to think, “Immigration has gone a little too far,” the finger will go down. And he will fall on the ground, and say, “Oh no, oh no, I may have made a minor complaint before I was going to leave office, but don’t drag me in that particular direction.”
And of course, many of the people who use this as a weapon don’t give a damn either way. It’s a weapon they can use. And it shuts people up, instantaneously. And it does so because it impinges, at quite a deep level, on what white and European people think about morality.
And this is a deep problem. And it’s a problem that all right-wing politics since the Second World War, which was in reality a Second European Civil War, the European equivalent of the American Civil War in some ways in the century before, of which in a very complicated way it’s both an attenuation and reverse reflex.
But this issue is very, very deep. And very complicated and important. And goes beyond methodologies about the figures for the number of purported victims involved. Many Western people feel that, because it is generally a given in the society and culture that they’re in, that variants of our group have committed atrocities, that our civilization is therefore rendered worthless, almost in its entirety.
Except when it apologizes before it even states that it has a right to exist. So every time Wagner is played on Radio Three there will be, there will be, a sort of 30-second health warning, like on a packet of cigarettes. It’s as literal as that! And because it’s an ideology. It’s got to. It imposes itself. Ideologies want to impose themselves, like liquid finds its own level in a tank.
If I was running the BBC, it would be slightly different from what’s on tonight. In fact those dumb people working at the BBC at the moment would hang themselves in their studios at the thought.
There is a degree to which the issue of the Shoah is very cardinal, because it has caused intergenerational hatred, particularly in Germany and elsewhere. It has caused degree of self-hatred among our own people, something that de Benoist, the French New Right a theoretician from France, talks about a great deal.
And this is the worst type of denigration, because denigration that comes from without is rain that bounces off, and can be withstood: you can put up an umbrella and get rid of it. But that which comes from inside is much more corrosive, much more deconstructive, much more disabling. And one of the reasons why this issue, as if this is the only event of brigandage that has ever occurred, but nevertheless, relativism, deep down, isn’t enough.
When the IRA commited an atrocity they said, “Never mind ours, look at the British! Look at the loyalists!” And people said, “What about this, what you’ve done?” They said, “No, no, no, look what they’ve done.”
Deep down, philosophically, that’s not good enough. The problem we have, is if you are very Christian or post-Christian in your morality, where there’s a total dualism of good and evil. And if you think and have been indoctrinated at school from a very early age that our group has committed some monstrous evil, you are “endwarfed,” to invent a word. You are semi-humiliated, from the start.
When you begin to assert yourself you suddenly begin to remember, “Oh, I need to apologize before I do.” And that’s not just a strange intellectual concept. Millions do that all the time.
They say, “I’m not this, but . . .”
They say, “I don’t want to make an extremist remark, but . . .”
They say, “Well, I don’t really wish to go into the area of self-assertion, but . . .”
And the reason for all that garbage is because of this shadow. Or those that relate to it, in the background. And if you knock down one, another will emerge.
Every black group in the United States wants a holocaust museum about slavery in their own cities. That’s the next thing. And they say to their congressman, “We want our museum!” “Well, I don’t . . .” “If you want our votes you’re going to get us our museum.”
It’s as straight as that. Each group claims status for strength through victimhood. That’s what we face. “I can be strong because I’ve suffered, and I’m going to get back because I’ve been weak in the past. And my strength is revenge, and I’m morally entitled.” And lots of our people think, we were the primary and primordial and dominant group on Earth, for quite a long time, and now we’re losing it, in almost every area.
Oswald Spengler wrote Decline of the West after the Great War, which of course was a dysgenic war, which had a considerably destructive impact upon Western leadership, at every level. But as you look around you sense the decline, and if you have a decline and you have a desire to assert yourself to arrest the decline, and you have to apologize to yourself about even having the idea of assertion to arrest decline, you’re not going to get anywhere, are you?
And that’s what this weapon is.
Now, my view is the following. I’m technically a pagan. And pagans believe that creation and destruction go together. That love is fury. That whatever occurred, and whatever occurs, we don’t have to apologize. We step over what exists.
There’s a concept in my philosophy which is called “self-overbecoming.” Where you take things which exist at a lower level, that you feel uncomfortable with, and you sublimate them, you throw them forward, you ventilate them. You take that which you don’t like, and you transmute it alchemically, psychologically, and intellectually, and you change it.
And you step forward and say, “No!” to past humiliations, to past indoctrination and degradation of the German people, who are cardinal to the European identity. Both because of their cultural and linguistic specificity, and also because of the fact that they were over half of the European continent. If they have to apologize every day of the week, for being what they are, our group as a whole can never assert itself.
And my view is that when this is viewed as an issue: there are relativist dodges, [and] there are things you can say. The deputy chairman of the party that I was in was asked about the Shoah on a Channel 4 program. And he said “Well, which ‘Shoah’ are you referring to? Are you talking about the Communist Holocausts, many of which were inspired by Jewish ideas?”
Silence. A very radical statement for a contemporary BNP leader. Silence. Silence.
But of course, that’s a clever answer, and it’s a political answer, and it’s a relativist answer.
But my view is I would say, “We’ve overcome all of these events.” And we will stride on to new forms of glory. New forms of that which is implacable. We can rebuild cities again! Every German city was completely destroyed. It was like Grozny in Chechnya now: nothing at all!
I have a friend of mine who is a well-known right-wing intellectual. He’s almost 80 now. His name is Bill Hopkins. After the war he served in Hamburg, and during the summer in about 1948 when he was in the RAF, he said all the British troops used to go often outside the city, because the stench was so bad, because of all the bodies under the buildings that hadn’t been reached, that hadn’t been dragged out, or hadn’t been put into lime pits.
But everything has been rebuilt. Because everything can be rebuilt, and built beyond what even existed in the past. So if somebody says to you, “You’re descended from brigands.” Which is in a sense, individually, what that sort of contrary ideology is. You say, “I’m not going to bother about diggers and who did what to whom. I’ve overcome that!”
“Oh, well I don’t like the sound of that. That’s a bit illiberal.”
And I’d just say, you just say, “Liberalism is moral syphilis. And I’m stepping over it.”
“Well, I don’t like the sound of that! You sound like a bit of a Fascist to me!”
And I’d say, “There’s nothing wrong with Fascism. Nothing wrong with Fascism at all!”
Everyone now adopts a reverse semiotic and runs against what they actually think, in order to convince people who don’t agree with them anyway. Because democracy – and I’m not a democrat. I’m not a democrat. When I supported the challenge in the party that I used to be in, I did it for various reasons, but to encourage greater democracy wasn’t necessarily one of them.
But, authoritarianism has to have morality with it! Those who make an absolute claim and who don’t live up to the nature of that claim, or don’t even begin to live up to the nature of it, can’t advocate authority. Mosley, for example, was regarded as above the movements that he led, and therefore there was a degree of absolute respect: even if people disagreed with him totally on Europeanization and various other things. Because of the respect he had, as a man. And if you are to lead right-wing movements, you have to have that degree of character. Character is integral to that type of authority. It would be so in a military commander, never mind a political one. If it’s not there you can’t make authoritarian pledges and carry on in that sort of way, because you’re just involved in the grubby game, which consists of Labor-Liberal-Tory and different versions of the same thing.
To make an absolute claim and not live up to it is worse than being in New Labor. Because they don’t pretend, even though people have been fooled.
So my view is that we must return again to certain sets of ideas which suit us, that are cardinal for us, that are metaphysically objective and subjective, that see the flux and warp and weft of life, and its complicatedness, but know there are absolute standards upon which things are based.
If we can’t overcome the weapons which are used against us, we will disappear. These are the facts. And therefore we have to do so in our own minds.
Every other group that’s ever existed in human history has not had the albatross around it, that it only remembers as a form of guilt and expiation, and as a Moloch before sacrifices must be made, their own moments of grief and of slaughter and of ferocity. They configured the world in another way.
When the Greeks sacked a city in internal warfare, everyone would be enslaved. But they did not remember, when their bards sang of their victories, that they had denied human rights of other Greek city states.
No people can survive if it incorporates as a mental substructure an anti-heroic myth about itself.
This is why war is largely fought in the mind in the modern world. When Iraq was invaded and that regime was taken down, the precedents for everything which occurred had been done earlier in the 20th century. De-Baathafication, removal of the Army — but allowing them to keep their weapons; bad move, the Americans have learned the error of that, subsequently — the removal of the top of the civil service, trials for those involved, their moral degradation and expiation: hanging, in public, put on YouTube so the world can see it! A degradation of these villains, not foreign statesmen to which we were opposed and against in this war, but villains, criminals, that we must demonize and destroy!
Why is it done? Because it destroyed them morally, in the mind. And Iraqis think, “Well, Saddam was the one who [unintelligible]. Why would you say that, Abdul? “Well, I’ve seen it on the telly.” That’s what 80% of people are like. These extraordinary reversals because this is a mass age. In the past countries were ruled by elites. You shot up an elite and put another elite in place. Now the masses are allegedly in charge, you have to indoctrinate the masses. You have to stimulate them to fury: your enemies aren’t human, they’re beasts.
Beasts!
Milošević: beast, human rights abuser, genocidalist. Saddam: our man in the Gulf for years, now a demon, a demon! An anti-Zionist, ferocious apostate, and so on. But most of the chemicals that he used in the three-way war–Kurds, Iranians, and Iraqis, fought on the First World War level–companies in Berlin, Germany, and France, in Russia, in Belgium, in Britain, and in North America provided that. The gas was used by the Iranians as well, and the Kurds fought on both sides. Now that is the complicatedness that people don’t want to see.
And it’s also applicable to all groups. An American colonel in Fallujah will be fighting in his own mind, physically, in a courageous way. At the level of him on the ground with the sand around it, and the flies in his eyes. He’s not thinking about grand theory. He’s thinking about getting through that tour of duty and getting back to the wife and the kids in Maryland or something. That’s the level. We always have to understand that individual White Americans have absolutely no control over their elites, just as we have no control over ours. Because they’ve gone to a global level. And they think they’ve left us behind. They think England and Britain is a puddle, and they can step out of it to universality.
Well we can’t step out of it to universality, because if you’re not rooted in something, you don’t come from anywhere, there are no roots that go down into the earth. And you can be moved about like a weed which has very weak roots and just rips out. And somebody stronger will rip you out.
So my goal, really, in all these right-wing partisan groups I’ve been in, in one way or another, for the last 15 years is to preach inequality.
“Did you hear that? He says people are unequal.” People are unequal: 75% of it’s genetic and biological. Partly criminality’s biological; predispositions to drug addictions are biological; intelligence is biological; beauty is biological; ferocity or a predisposition to it is biological; intellect is biological. You can do a bit, but you’re born to be which you are, and we should celebrate what we were born to be. Because we have created 90% of value in modernity.
I am a modernist in many ways because I believe we created a modern world that has been taken away from what it could have been. The modern and that which preceded it are not necessarily in complete opposition. If people with our sorts of values ruled modernity, everything about the society would be, at one level the same, and in every other respect completely different. People would still drive contemporary cars; there’d still be jets; and there’d still be supercomputers, and so on. But the texture and the nature of life would be different in every respect.
How so?
Firstly, cultures would be mono-ethnic. Secondly, there would be a respect for the past glories of our civilization. Thirdly, we would not preface every attempt to be strong by saying “I’m sorry, I’m sorry for what we have done.”
We’re not sorry!
And we’ve stepped over the prospect of being sorry.
Menachem Begin in his autobiography, which is called – is it called My Struggle? – it’s called My Life.
He was asked about the massacres of Palestinian villages, which was certainly instituted by his paramilitary group. And he said, “The sun comes up and goes down. It was necessary. We lived, we struggled, and they have died. Israel!” And we have to do the same. We have to do the same.
I once spoke at a BNP meeting, and this chap came up to me and said, “You’re a bit right-wing, aren’t you?” He said, “I used to be in the Labour Party.”
I said, “That’s all right.”
And he said, “Don’t you think this party is a bit too nationalistic?”
And I said, “Well, what, do you object to these flags?”
And he said, “Well, I’m just being honest.”
And I said, “Okay.” He’s willing to stand, and this sort of thing. I said, “Why does it upset you?”
And he said, “Well, wouldn’t it be better if we presented ourselves as the victims?” I don’t want to caricature the bloke too much. He said, “I’m obsessed by the case of the red squirrel.” And I gave him a very strange look.
But what he meant, what he wanted to configure, was that we are the victims. And the problem with that is that it’s what everyone else does. And it can be done, because there are many white victims in this society now, in the way that it’s going. But if you concentrate on pain and defeat, you will breed resentment. And I believe that resentment and pity are the things to be avoided.
Stoicism should be our way. Courage should be our way. When somebody pushes you, you push them back. When somebody’s false to you, you’re false to them. When somebody’s friendly to you, you are to them. You fight for your own country, and your own group, and your own culture, and your own civilization, at your own level, and in your own way. And when somebody says, “Apologize for this, or that” you say: “No. I regret nothing.” As a French singer once said. “I regret nothing.”
And it’s a good answer! I have no regrets.
One’s life is a bullet that goes through screens. You hit your final screen, and you’re dead. What happens after, none of us know. There’s either a spiritual world, as all the cardinal and metaphysically objectivist religions of every type for every culture and every group say there is, or there’s not.
In my philosophy, the energy that’s in us goes out into everything which exists. That there is an end after the end, but it’s not finite or conscious. That’s what I think.
That’s why believe in cremation. Because I believe in fire, and the glory of fire. I remember when my mother was cremated. If anyone’s ever been to a cremation, there’s a bit of ghastly simpering and this sort of thing, and they have a curtain because they don’t want you to see the fire. Because it’s a furnace, an absolute inferno.
And I said to the Vicar, “Look, I’ll even give you some money. I want to see the fire.” And he went “Ahh, ahh, ahh . . . Pardon?” “I’m a pagan. I want to see the fire.” He said, “Good lord, are you one of those?” I thought he was going to say he’d take 20 quid more. But no.
And I was allowed to stand near the coffin as it went in. And it’s just a blazing furnace, it opens, the sort of ecumenical and multi-dimensional curtain that they have over it, which has a peacock and various multi-faith figures on it, goes up.
And you see this wall of flame. This amazing wall of flame, that’s like the inside of a sun. And you see this oblong box go into it. And the flame finds every line, and every plane, and every sort of mathematical conceit in the box. And soon it’s completely aflame. And then the gate comes down.
And I believe that’s what life’s like. I believe that’s what happens when a sun forms, when a galaxy forms, when one ends, when a life begins, and when a life ends. That for me is life. Fire, energy, glory, and thinking.
Thinking is the important thing. Being white isn’t enough. Being English isn’t enough. Being British isn’t enough. Know what you are! In this book to read about your own culture is a revolutionary act. People are taught to rebel at school and hate our high culture, hate our folk culture – it’s all boring.
I heard a Manchester Club leader who I vaguely knew earlier in my life who died recently. And he was in charge of Factory Records. Very left-wing. That’s why he produced bands called New Order and Joy Division, to make money out of it.
He said, “I didn’t like ’80s New Romantic music,” and the Radio 5 jockey said to him, “Why is that?” And he said “Because it’s too white.” Too white! Because its bass wasn’t black enough, he said.
Now, if you have these sorts of ideas you will mentally perish over time, and you will physically perish as well over time.
But you have to know about our own forms to be able to deny the postulation of these people who would deny them. Knowledge is power. Listen to high music, go into the National Gallery. It’s free. You can stay hours in there. Look at what we’ve produced as a group.
This is what the Muslims teach their people. To be totally proud of what you are in your own confirmation of identity. Because identity is divine. It’s just like that fire, that consumed the box when I was younger.
Nietzsche’s philosophy isn’t for everybody. It’s too harsh and too forbidding for many people. But it is a way of thinking which is reflexive and absolute. It’s a way of thinking which is primordial and extraordinarily Western. It’s a way of thinking that enables people to be religious, in the sense of the sacredness of life, but also to be open to fact, and to evidence, and to science. It combines those things that lead to glory. And express themselves through tenderness and ferocity.
I urge all white people in this era to look into the mirror and to ask themselves, “What do you know about what you are?” And if you don’t know enough, put your hand on that mirror, and move towards greater knowledge of what you can become.
We’re all going to die. Make use of that time which remains.
Greatness is in the mind and in the fist. The glory of our tribe is not behind us. We can be great again. But the first thing that we have to do is to say, “I walk towards the tunnel, and I’m on my own, and I’m not afraid. And I have no regrets.”
Thank you very much!
Article printed from Counter-Currents Publishing: http://www.counter-currents.com
URL to article: http://www.counter-currents.com/2012/05/credo-a-nietzschean-testament/
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Philosophie | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : nouvelle droite, philosophie, nietzsche | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
lundi, 28 mai 2012
Il mito cosmogonico degli Indoeuropei
di Giorgio Locchi
Ex: http://www.centrostudilaruna.it/
«Ich sagte dir, ich muß hier warten, bis sie mich rufen»
(Oreste, in Elektra di Hugo von Hoffmanstahl)
Il Rig-Veda dell’India antica e l’Edda germanico-nordica presentano due grandi miti cosmogonici, che concordano tra loro a tal punto che vi si può vedere a giusto titolo una duplice derivazione di un mito indoeuropeo comune. Di tale mito delle origini è forse possibile trovare qualche eco presso i Greci. Roma, come vedremo, non ha mai perso il ricordo del “protagonista” di questo dramma sacro che era, per i nostri antenati indoeuropei, l’inizio del mondo. Ma il dramma stesso non ci è pervenuto, nella sua integralità, che tramite l’intermediazione dei germani e degli indoari, di cui scopriamo così che essi ebbero, almeno quando entrarono nella “storia scritta”, e più che ogni altro popolo europeo, la “memoria più lunga.
Grazie ai suoi ammirevoli lavori sulla ideologia trifunzionale, Georges Dumézil ha da lungo tempo messo in luce un aspetto fondamentale, assolutamente originale, della Weltanschauung e della religione degli indoeuropei. Non meno essenziale, non meno originale ci appare la credenza istintiva nel primato dell’uomo (e dell’umano) che testimonia il mito cosmogonico indoeuropeo “conservato” nel Rig-Veda e nell’Edda. Per l’indoeuropeo, in effetti, l’uomo è all’origine dell’universo. E’ da lui che procedono tutte le cose, gli dèi, la natura, i viventi, lui stesso infine in quanto essere storico. Tuttavia, come rimarca Anne-Marie Esnoul, «questo cominciare non è che un un cominciare relativo: esiste un principio eterno che crea il mondo, ma, dopo un periodo dato, lo riassorbe» (La naissance du monde, Seuil, Parigi 1959). L’uomo, presso gli indoeuropei, non è soltanto all’origine dell’universo: è l’origine dell’universo, in seno al quale l’umanità vive e diviene. Giacché all’inizio, dice il mito, vi era l’Uomo cosmico: Purusha nel Rig-Veda, Ymir nell’Edda, Mannus, citato da Tacito, presso i germani del continente (Manus, in quanto antenato degli uomini, essendo parimenti conosciuto presso gli indiani).
Nel decimo libro del Rig-Veda, il racconto dell’inizio del mondo si apre così:
«L’Uomo (Purusha) ha mille teste;
ha mille occhi, mille piedi.
Coprendo la terra da parte a parte
la oltrepassa ancora di dieci dita.
Purusha non è altro che quest’universo
Ciò che è passato, ciò che è a venire.
Egli è signore del dominio immortale,
perché cresce al di là del nutrimento».
E’ da Ymir, Uno indiviso anche lui, che procede la prima organizzazione del mondo. Il Grimnismál precisa:
«Della carne di Ymir fu fatta la terra,
il mare del suo sudore, delle sue ossa le montagne,
gli alberi furono dai suoi capelli,
e il cielo del suo cranio».
Le cose avvengono nello stesso modo nel Rig-Veda:
«La luna era nata dalla coscienza di Purusha,
dal suo sguardo è nato il sole,
dalla sua bocca Indra e Agni,
dal suo soffio è nato il vento.
Il dominio dell’aere è uscito dal suo ombelico,
dalla sua testa evolse il sole,
dai suoi piedi la terra, dal suo orecchio gli orienti;
così furono regolati i mondi».
Purusha è anche Prajapati, il «padre di tutte le creature». Giacché gli dèi stessi non costituiscono che un “quartiere” dell’Uomo cosmico. Ed è da lui solo che in ultima istanza proviene l’umanità. Si legge nel Rig-Veda:
«Con tre quartieri l’Uomo (Purusha) s’è elevato là in alto,
il quarto ha ripreso nascita quaggiù».
Essendo “Uno indiviso”, l’Uomo cosmico è uno Zwitter, uno Zwitterwesen, un essere asessuato o, più esattamente, potenzialmente androgino. Riunisce in sé due sessi, in maniera ancora confusa. La teologia indiana nota d’altronde che il “maschio” e la “femmina” sono nati dalla «suddivisione di Purusha», così come tutti gli altri “opposti complementari”. Ymir, quanto a lui, dormiva nei ghiacci dell’abisso spalancato (Ginungagap) tra il sud e il nord, quando due giganti, uno maschio e l’altro femmina, si sono formati come escrescenze sotto le sue ascelle. E’ parimenti da lui, o dal ghiaccio fecondato da lui, che è nata la prima coppia umana, Bur e Bestla, genitori dei primi Asi (o dèi sovrani), Wotan (Odhinn), Wili e We.
Nell’interpretazione di questi grandi miti cosmogonici non bisogna mai dimenticare che per la mentalità indoeuropea la generazione reciproca è un processo assolutamente normale: gli “opposti logici” sono sempre complementari e perfettamente equivalenti: si pongono mutualmente. E’ così che l’uomo dà nascita a, o tira da se stesso, gli dèi, mentre gli dèi a loro volta danno nascita agli uomini (o insufflano loro lo spirito e la vita). Secondo il racconto dell’Edda, più precisamente nella Voluspá:
«Tre Asi, forti e generosi,
arrivarono sulla spiaggia:
trovarono Ask e Embla,
(che erano ancora) privi di forza.
Senza destino, non avevano sensi,
né anima, né calor di vita, né un colore chiaro.
Odhinn donò il senso, Hoenir l’anima,
Lodur donò la vita e il colore fresco».
In tutta evidenza, in questo racconto, i tre Asi giocano il ruolo dei primi “eroi civilizzatori”. Ask (ovvero “frassino”) e Embla (ovvero “orma”) rappresentano un’umanità ancora “immersa nella natura”, interamente sottomessa alle leggi della specie, testimone di un’era trascorsa, quella di Bur. Se ci si pone al momento della società indoeuropea caratterizzata dalla tripartizione funzionale, ci si accorge d’altronde che le classi che assumono rispettivamente le tre funzioni appaiono come discendenti del dio Heimdal e di tre donne umane. Il Rigsmál racconta come Heimdal, avendo preso le sembianze di Rigr, generò Thrael, capostipite degli schiavi, con Ahne (“antenata”), Kerl, antenato capostipite dei contadini, con Emma (“nutrice”) e Jarl, capostipite dei nobili con “Madre”. Nel Rig-Veda, per contro, gli antenati delle classi sociali sorgono direttamente dall’Uomo cosmico primordiale:
«La bocca di Purusha divenne il brahmino,
il guerriero fu il prodotto delle sue braccia,
le sue coscie furono l’artigiano,
dai suoi piedi nacque il servo».
Così come la distribuzione delle classi è sufficiente a dimostrare, la “versione” del Rig-Veda è probabilmente la più fedele al racconto originale indoeuropeo. Non è escluso cionostante che la “versione” germanica si riallacci anch’essa ad una fonte molto antica. Heimdal, in effetti, è una figura tra le più misteriose. Dumézil ha messo ben in evidenza la particolarità essenziale di questo dio, corrispondente germanico dello Janus romano e del Vaju indiano. Cronologicamente, Heimdal è il primo degli Asi, il più vecchio degli dèi. E’ anche un dio che vede tutto: «ode l’erba spuntare sul prato, la lana crescere dalla pelle delle pecore, nulla sfugge al suo sguardo acuto», ed è questa la ragione per cui svolge il ruolo di guardiano di Asgard, la «dimora degli Asi». Dalui è proceduto l’inizio, da lui procederà anche la fine, il Ragnarok (o “crepuscolo degli dèi”) che annuncerà lui stesso dando fiato al corno. Heimdal riunisce dunque in sé tutti i caratteri dell’”Essere supremo”, oggetto di una più antica credenza che Raffaele Pestalozzi attribuiva all’umanità primitiva (cioè agli umani della fine del mesolitico), ma corresponde anche al “dio dimenticato” di cui parla Mircea Eliade, oscura reminiscenza in seno alle religioni “evolute” di una preesistente concezione della divinità. Il che lascia supporre che Heimdal non sia che una proiezione dell’”Essere supremo” degli antenati degli indoeuropei in seno alla società dei “nuovi dèi”, nello stesso modo in cui Ymir lo prolunga, in quanto “principio universale, a livello della cosmogonia (1). Una tale interpretazione è suscettibile di gettare una nuova luce sul “problema di Janus”, altra divinità misteriosa, di cui abbiamo detto che corrispondeva a Roma allo Heimdal germanico. Innumerevoli discussioni hanno avuto luogo sull’etimologia del nome “Janus”. Da qualche tempo, sembra che un accordo si stia formando nel senso di ricollegarlo alla radice indoeuropea *ya, che ha a che fare con l’idea di”passare”, di “andare”. Ma tale spiegazione non sembra molto convincente, e ci si può domandare se non vale la pena di mettere il nome “Janus” in relazione con le radici *yeu(m) o *yeu(n) (da cui il latino jungo, “congiungere”, “coniugare”), che esprimono l’idea di “unire”, di “accoppiare ciò che è separato”, dunque di “gemellare i contrari” (gli “opposti logici”). Ciò spiegherebbe bene il carattere ambiguo di questo deus bifrons, che è, come Ymir, uno Zwitter.
Si sa, del resto, che un antichissimo appellativo di Janus, di cui i romani dell’epoca di Augusto non comprendevano più esattamente il significato, è Cerus Manus, che si traduce come “buon creatore” (da *krer, “far crescere”, e da un ipotetico *man, “buono”). Noi pensiamo piuttosto che “Manus” non è che un fossile alto-indoeuropeo conservato nel latino antico, che rinvia perfettamente a “Mannus” e significa “uomo” come in germanico ed in sancrito. Il latino immanis non significa d’altronde affatto “cattivo”, “malvagio”, bensì “prodigioso”, “smisurato” (inumano: fuori dalla misura umana). Si comprende allora perché Janus, che è come Heimdal il dio dei prima (delle cose “cronologicamente prime”) è considerato, in quanto Cerus Manus, l’antenato delle popolazioni del Lazio, così come Mannus è l’antenato delle popolazioni germaniche.
Il rituale vedico, essenzialmente imperniato sulla nozione di sacrificio, fa precisamente dello smembramento, della “suddivisione” dell’Uomo cosmico (Purusha), il prototipo stesso del sacrificio. Ora, nei testi “speculativi”, questo sacrificio di Purusha ci è presentato sotto due aspetti: da un lato Purusha sacrifica se stesso, inventando così il «sacrificio imperituro»; dall’altro, sono gli dèi che sacrificano Purusha e lo “smembrano”. La questione si pone dunque di sapere se gli indiani hanno “interpretato” o se al contrario hanno conservato la tradizione indoeuropea in tutta la sua purezza. Questa ultima eventualità ci sembra la più verosimile, non fosse che per il fatto che all’origine ogni mito è al tempo stesso storia del rito e proiezione del rito stesso. D’altra parte, la medesima doppia immagine si ritrova nell’Edda. Allo “smembramento” di Purusha corrisponde, sotto una forma desacralizzata, ma sempre presente, lo “smembramento” di Ymir da parte degli Asi, figli di Bur. Quanto all’altro aspetto del sacrificio dell’Uomo cosmico, quello dell’autosacrificio, basta riportarsi alla Canzone delle Rune (Runatals-thattr) per trovarne una forma trasposta, quanto Wotan dichiara:
«Lo so: durante nove notti
sono rimasto appeso all’albero scosso dai venti
ferito dalla lancia, sacrificato a Wotan,
io stesso a me stesso sacrificato,
appeso al ramo dell’albero di cui non si può
vedere da quale radice cresca»
Odhinn-Wotan, dio sovrano, non è certo l’Uomo cosmico, e tanto meno ne gioca il ruolo in seno alla società degli dèi (2). Nondimeno, anche se non è all’origine dell’universo, Wotan è all’origine di un nuovo ordine dell’universo. Gli spetta dunque di inaugurare mercè il suo proprio sacrificio su Ygdrasil, l’albero-del-mondo, la “seconda epoca” dell’uomo (l’epoca propriamente storica). Odhinn-Wotan si sacrifica non più, come Purusha, per “suddividersi” e “liberare” così i contrari grazie ai quali l’universo deve acquisire la sua fisionomia, bensì per acquisire il sapere (il “segreto delle rune”) che gli permetterà di organizzare, o più esattamente di riorganizzare, l’universo. A dire il vero, questo “rimaneggiamento” del mito originale non sorprende: la Weltanschauung germanica ha sempre sottolineato e amplificato l’immaginazione storica degli indoeuropei, mettendo l’accento su un divenire ove sia il passato, sia il futuro, sono contenuti nel presente, pur venendone trasfigurati.
Per secoli il mito cosmogonico indoeuropeo non ha cessato di ispirare e di nutrire l’immaginazione degli indiani antichi. Forse la sua ricchezza non appare da nessuna parte, in tutto il suo splendore, meglio che nel magnifico poema di Kalidasa, il Kumarasambhava, in cui Purusha è Brahma, divina personificazione del sacrificio:
«Che tu sia venerato, o dio dalle tre forme
Tu che eri ancora unità assoluta, prima che la creazione fosse compiuta,
Tu che ti dividevi nei tre gunas, da cui hai ricevuto i tuoi tre appellativi.
O mai nato, il tuo seme non fu sterile allorché fu eietto nell’onda acquosa!
Tuo tramite l’universo sorse, che si agita e che è senza vita,
e di cui tu sei festeggiato nel canto come l’origine.
Tu hai dispiegato la tua potenza sotto tre forme.
Tu solo sei il principio della creazione di questo mondo,
ed anche la causa di ciò che esiste ancora e che alla fine crollerà.
Da te, che hai suddiviso il tuo proprio corpo per poter generare,
derivano l’uomo e la donna in quanto parte di te stesso.
Sono chiamati i genitori della creazione, che va moltiplicandosi.
Se, tu che hai separato il giorno e la notte secondo la misura del tuo proprio tempo,
se tu dormi, allora tutti muoiono, ma se vivi, allora tutti sorgono.
[...]
Con te stesso conosci il tuo proprio essere.
Tu ti crei da te stesso, ma anche ti perdi,
con il tuo te stesso conoscente, nel tuo proprio te stesso.
Sei il liquido, sei ciò che è solido, sei il grande e il piccolo,
il leggero e il pesante, il manifesto e l’occulto.
Ti si chiama Prakriti, ma sei conosciuto anche come Purusha
che in verità vede Prakriti, ma da lei non dipende.
Tu sei il padre dei padri, il dio degli dèi. Sei più alto del supremo.
Tu sei l’offerta in sacrificio, ed anche il signore del sacrificio.
Sei il sacrificato, ma anche il sacrificatore.
Tu sei ciò che si deve sapere, il saggio, il pensatore,
ma anche la cosa più alta che sia possibile pensare».
Questo inno di Kalidasa è uno degli apici della “riflessione poetica” indiana sulla tradizione dei Veda. Esplicita a meraviglia tutti i sottintesi del mito cosmogonico indoeuropeo, nello stesso tempo in cui riconduce ad unità le variazioni (successive o meno) del tema originario. L’opposizione di Purusha e Prakriti (che corrisponde, in qualche modo, alla natura naturans) è estremamente rivelatrice, soprattutto se la si mette in parallelo con quella di Purusha e dell’”onda indistinta” rappresentata da Ymir e dall’”abisso spalancato”. E’ per il fatto di «vedere Prakriti senza dipenderne» che l’Uomo cosmico è all’origine dell’universo. Giacché l’universo non è che un caos indistinto, sprovvisto di senso e di significato, da cui solo lo sguardo e la parola dell’uomo fanno sorgere la moltitudine degli esseri e delle cose, ivi compreso l’uomo stesso, alla fine realizzato. Il sacrificio di Purusha, se si preferisce, è il momento apollineo tramite cui si trova affermato il principium individuationis, «causa di ciò che esiste e che ancora esisterà», fino al momento in cui questo mondo «crollerà», ovvero sino al momento dionisiaco di una fine che è anche la condizione di un nuovo inizio.
In una Weltanschauung di questo tipo, gli dèi sono essi stessi un “quartiere” dell’Uomo cosmico. “Uomini superiori” nel senso nietzschano del termine, essi perpetuano in un certo modo il ricordo trasfigurato e trasfigurante dei primi “eroi civilizzatori”, di coloro che trassero l’umanità dal suo stato “precedente” (quello di Ask e di Embla), e fondarono davvero, ordinandola per mezzo delle tre funzioni, la società umana, la società degli uomini indoeuropei. Questi dèi non rappresentano il “Bene”. Non rappresentano neppure il Male. Sono al tempo stesso il Bene e il Male. Ciascuno di loro, di per ciò stesso, presenta un aspetto ambiguo (un aspetto umano), il che spiega perché, mano mano che l’immaginazione mitica ne svilupperà la rappresentazione, la loro personalità tenderà a sdoppiarsi: Mitra-Varuna, Jupiter-Dius Fidius, Odhinn/Wotan-Tyr, etc. In rapporto all’umanità presente, che essi hanno istituito in quanto tale, questi dèi corrispondono effettivamente agli “antenati”. Legislatori, inventori della tradizione sociale, e, in quanto tali, sempre presenti, sempre agenti, restano nondimeno assoggettati in ultima istanza al fatum, votati molto umanamente a una “fine”.
Si tratta, in conclusione, di dèi non creatori, ma creature; dèi umani, e tuttavia ordinatori del mondo e della società degli uomini; dèi ancestrali per l’”attuale” umanità: dèi, infine, “grandi nel bene come nel male” e che si situano essi stessi al di là di tali nozioni.
Ciò che chiamiamo il “popolo indoeuropeo” è in effetti una società risalente agli inizi del neolitico, il cui mito si è precisamente costruito a partire dalla nuova prospettiva inaugurata dalla “rivoluzione neolitica”, per mezzo di una riflessione sulle credenze del periodo precedente, riflessione che è alla fine sfociata in una formulazione rivoluzionaria dei temi della vecchia Weltanschauung.
Se, come pensa Raffaele Pestalozzi, autore di L’omniscience de dieu, la credenza in un “Essere supremo” (da non confondere con il dio unico dei monoteisti!) era propria all’”umanità primitiva”, cioè ai gruppi umani della fine del mesolitico, allora il mito cosmogonico indoeuropeo può effettivamente essere considerato come una formulazione rivoluzionaria in rapporto a tale credenza (o, se si preferisce, come un discorso che fa scoppiare, superandoli, il linguaggio e la “ragione” del periodo precedente). Giunti a questo punto, siamo in diritto di pensare che, per gli antenati “mesolitici” degli indoeuropei, l’”Essere supremo” non era forse che l’uomo stesso, o più esattamente la “proiezione cosmica” dell’uomo in quanto detentore del potere magico. Ugualmente, possiamo constatare al tempo stesso che questa idea di un Essere supremo, propria agli indoeuropei, non è affatto comune a tutti i gruppi umani usciti dal mesolitico, o, almeno, che essa non appare più tale ad altri gruppi di uomini ugualmente condotti dalla rivoluzione neolitica a “riflettere” sulle credenze antiche.
L’Oriente classico, ad esempio, ha “riflesso”, immaginato e interpretato le credenze “mesolitiche” in una direzione diametralmente opposta a quella presa dagli indoeuropei. La Bibbia ebraica, summa della Weltanschauung religiosa levantina, si situa, in effetti, agli antipodi della “visione” indoeuropea. Vi si ritrova purtuttavia, come antico tema offerto alla “riflessione”, l’idea di un Essere supremo confrontato, all’inizio del mondo, ad una «terra deserta e vuota, dalle tenebre plananti sull’abisso» (Genesi, I, 1). Questo “abisso spalancato”, è vero, è immediatamente presentato come risultante da una antecedente creazione di Elohim-Jahvé. Ora, Jahvé non ha tratto l’universo da una suddivisione e “smembramento” di sé. L’ha creato ex nihilo, a partire dal nulla. Non è affatto la coincidentia oppositorum, l’”Uno indiviso”, non è l’Essere e il Non-essere al tempo stesso. E’ l’Essere: «Io sono colui che è». Di conseguenza, e dal momento che l’universo creato non saprebbe essere l’uguale del dio creante, il mondo non ha essenza, ma soltanto un’esistenza, o, più esattamente, una sorta di “essere di grado inferiore”, di imperfezione. Mentre il politeismo degli indoeuropei è il “rovescio” complementare di ciò che si potrebbe chiamare il loro mono-umanismo (equivalente d’altronde a un pan-umanismo), il monoteismo ebraico appare come la conclusione di un processo di riassorbimento, come la riduzione all’unicità di Elohim-Jahvé di una molteplicità di dèi non umani, personificanti forze naturali (3), in breve come lo sbocco di una speculazione che ha anch’essa ricondotto la pluralità delle cose a un principio unico, che in tal caso non è l’uomo ma la materia e l’energia (la “natura”).
Per il fatto di essere un dio unico, non ambiguo, che non è per nulla il luogo in cui si risolvono e coincidono gli “opposti logici”, Jahvé rappresenta evidentemente il Bene assoluto. E’ dunque del tutto normale che si mostri sovente crudele, implacabile o geloso: il Bene assoluto non può non essere intransigente rispetto al Male. Ciò che è molto meno logico, per contro, è la concezione biblica del Male. Non potendo derivare dal Bene assoluto, il Male, in effetti, non dovrebbe esistere in un mondo creato, a partire dal nulla, da un dio “di una bontà infinita”. Ora, il Male esiste: il che pone un problema molto serio. La Bibbia prova a risolvere il problema facendo del Male la conseguenza accidentale della rivolta di certe creature, tra cui in primo luogo Lucifero, contro l’autorità di Jahvé. Il Male appare così come come il rifiuto manifestato da una creatura di giocare il ruolo che Jahvé le ha assegnato. La potenza di questo Male è considerevole (poiché deriva dalla ribellione di una creatura angelica, dunque privilegiata), ma, comparata alla potenza del Bene, ovvero di Jahvé, essa è praticamente pari a nulla. L’esito finale della lotta tra il Bene e il Male non è dunque minimamente in dubbio. Tutti i problemi, tutti i conflitti, sono risolti in anticipo. La storia è puro decadimento, effetto dell’accecamento di creature impotenti.
Così, sin dall’inizio, la storia si trova privata di qualsiasi senso. Il primo uomo (la prima umanità) ha commesso la colpa di cedere ad una suggestione di Satana. Egli ha, di conseguenza, ricusato il ruolo che Jahvé gli aveva assegnato. Ha voluto toccare il pomo proibito ed entrare nella storia.
Creatore dell’universo, Jahvé gioca ugualmente, in rapporto alla società umana “attuale”, un ruolo perfettamente antitetico a quello degli dèi sovrani indoeuropei. Jahvé è non l’”eroe civilizzatore” che inventa una tradizione sociale, ma l’onnipotenza che si oppone alla “colpa” di Adamo, cioè alla vita umana che questi ha voluto gustare, alla civilizzazione urbana, uscita dalla rivoluzione neolitica, a cui rinvia implicitamente il racconto della Genesi. Come sottolinea Paul Chalus in L’homme et la réligion, Jahvé non ha che odio per “coloro che cuociono i mattoni”. Quando li vede costruire Babele e la celebre torre, grida: «Se cominciano a fare ciò, nulla impedirà loro ormai di compiere ciò che avranno in progetto di fare. Andiamo, scendiamo a mettere confusione nel loro linguaggio, di modo che non si comprendano più l’un l’altro» (Genesi, XI, 6-7). Jahvé, aggiunge Paul Chalus, «li disperse da là su tutta la terra, ed essi smisero di costruire città». Ma già ben prima di questo evento Jahvé aveva rifiutato le primizie che gli offriva l’agricoltore Caino, e non aveva “guardato” che la pia offerta d’Abele. Il fatto è che Abele non era un allevatore, ma semplicemente un nomade che aveva abbandonato la caccia per la razzia, che prolungava la tradizione “mesolitica” in seno alla nuova civiltà uscita dalla rivoluzione neolitica, e che ne ricusava il modo di vivere. Ulteriormente, la missione di Abramo, il nomade che aveva disertato la città (Ur), e quella della sua discendenza, sarà di negare e ricusare dal di dentro ogni forma di civiltà “post-neolitica”, la cui esistenza stessa perpetua il ricordo d’una “rivolta” contro Jahvé.
L’uomo, in rapporto al “dio” della Bibbia, non è veramente un “figlio”. Non è che una creatura. Jahvé l’ha fabbricato, così come ogni altro essere vivente, nello stesso modo in cui un vasaio modella un vaso. L’ha fatto “a sua immagine e somiglianza” per farne il suo intendente sulla terra, il guardiano del Paradiso. Adamo, sedotto dal demonio, ha ricusato questo ruolo che il Signore voleva fargli giocare. Ma l’uomo resterà sempre il servo di Dio. «La superiorità dell’uomo sulla bestia è nulla, perché tutto è vanità», nota Paul Chalus. «Tutto va verso un identico luogo: tutto viene dalla polvere, e tutto ritorna alla polvere» (Ecclesiaste).
L’uomo, secondo l’insegnamento della Bibbia, non ha dunque che da rammentarsi perpetuamente che è polvere, che ogni Giobbe merità il destino che gli riserva il capriccio di Jahvé, e che l’esistenza storica non ha senso, se non quello che implicitamente gli si dà rifiutando attivamente di attribuirgliene uno. Con la loro voce terribile, i profeti di Israele ricorderanno sempre agli eletti di Jahvé la necessità imperiosa di questo rifiuto, così come gli eletti riconosceranno sempre, nelle loro disgrazie, la conseguenza e la giusta sanzione di una trasgressione (o di un semplice oblio) del comandamento supremo di Jahvé.
Il cristianesimo “romano”, nato dall’”arrangiamento costantiniano”, corrisponde sin dall’inizio al tentativo di stabilire, in seno al mondo “antico” trasformato da Roma in orbis politica, un compromesso tra le Weltanschauungen indoeuropee e una religione giudaica, che Gesù si sarebbe sforzato di adattare alla civilizzazione imperiale romana (4). Il dio unico è diventato, tramite il gioco di un “mistero” dogmatico, un dio “in tre persone”. Ha “integrato” la vecchia nozione di Trimurti, di “Trinità”, e le sue “persone” hanno grosso modo assunto le tre funzioni delle società indoeuropee, sotto una forma d’altronde “invertita” e spiritualizzata. Pur essendo creatore e sovrano, Jahvé continua nondimeno a ricusare il doppio aspetto: il Male è provincia esclusiva di Satana. Al vecchio nome che gli dà la Bibbia si è sostituito il nuovo nome di “deus pater“, il «padre eterno e divino» riverito dagli indoeuropei. Ma Jahvé non è davvero padre che della sua “seconda persona”, di questo figlio che ha inviato sulla terra per svolgervi un ruolo opposto a quello dell’”eroe fondatore”; di questo figlio che si è alienato a questo mondo per meglio rinviare all’oltremondo, e che, se rende a Cesare ciò che è di Cesare, non lo fa che perché ai suoi occhi ciò che appartiene a Cesare non riveste alcun valore; di questo figlio, infine, la cui funzione non è più di “fare la guerra”, ma di predicare una pace gelosa, di cui soli potranno beneficiare gli uomini “di buona volontà”, gli avversari di questo mondo, coloro a cui è riservato il solo nutrimento d’eternità che vi sia, la grazia amministrata dalla terza “persona”, lo Spirito Santo.
L’uomo, creatura e prodotto fabbricato, è il servo dei servi di Dio, «escremento» (stercus), come dirà così bene Agostino. Tuttavia, nello stesso tempo, è ora anche il fratello del figlio incarnato di Jahvé, il che fa di lui un “quasi-figlio” di Dio, a condizione che sappia volerlo e meritarlo, tutte cose che dipendono dalla grazia che amministra il creatore secondo criteri insondabili. Il giorno verrà dunque in cui l’umanità si dividerà definitivamente (per l’eternità) in santi e dannati. Giacché vi è ben un Valhalla biblico, il Paradiso celeste, ma è ormai riservato agli anti-eroi. L’Inferno, quando ad esso, appartiene agli altri.
Questo compromesso ha modellato per secoli la storia di ciò che viene chiamata la “civilizzazione occidentale”. Per secoli, secondo le loro affinità profonde, l’uomo “pagano” e l’uomo “levantino” hanno ciascuno potuto vedere nel dio “uno e trino” la loro propria divinità. Ciò spiega idee e confusioni ben numerose: a cominciare dall’assimilazione di Gesù, Sigfrido e Barbarossa da parte di un Wagner, o il “dio bianco delle cattedrali” caro a Drieu La Rochelle, e, d’altra parte, il Gesù di Ignazio di Loyola, il dio del prete-operaio e Jesus Christ Superstar.
Constatiamo oggi, e in modo certo, che l’”arrangiamento” costantiniano alla fine non arrangiò proprio nulla, e che la giornata dell’«In hoc signo vinces» fu un imbroglio, le cui conseguenze si esercitarono a detrimento del mondo greco-romano-germanico. Sino ad una data relativamente recente, la Chiesa di Roma e le chiese cristiane sono restate, in quanto potenze secolari organizzate, attaccate a tutte le apparenze del vecchio compromesso. Ma da tempo ormai hanno cominciato a riconoscere l’autentica essenza del cristianesimo. Ed ecco che l’irrappresentabile Jahvé, sbarazzato dalla maschera del Dio-Padre luminoso e celeste, è ritrovato e proclamato. Ben prima che le chiese ci arrivassero, tuttavia, il “cristianesimo profano” (demitizzato e secolarizzato), ovvero l’egualitarismo in tutte le sue forme, aveva a modo suo ritrovato la verità secondo la Bibbia. Il “rifiuto della storia”, la volontà proclamata di “uscire dalla storia” (per ritornarne alla natura), la tendenza riduzionista mirante a “riassorbire l’umano nel fisico-chimico”, tutti i materialismi deterministi, la condanna marcusiana di un’arte che tradirebbe la “verità” integrando l’uomo alla società, l’ideologia egualitaria infine che intende ridurre l’umanità al modello dell’anti-eroe, al modello dell’eletto ostile ad ogni civiltà concreta perché non vi vuole vedere che infelicità, miseria, sfruttamento (Marx); repressione (Freud); o inquinamento: tutto ciò non ha cessato di restituire ai nostri occhi, e continua ancora a restituire – nel momento stesso in cui una nuova rivoluzione tecnica invita a superare le “forme” che aveva imposto la rivoluzione precedente – l’immobile visione jahvaitica, visione “eterna” se mai ve ne furono, poiché se limita ad una negazione senza cessa ripetuta di ogni presente carico d’avvenire.
Il “Sì” da parte sua non può essere “eterno”. Essendo un “Sì” al divenire, diviene esso stesso. Nella storia che non cessa di ri-proporsi, per mezzo di nuove fondazioni, questo “Sì” deve a se stesso il fatto di assumere sempre una forma e un contenuto parimenti nuovi. Il “Sì” è creazione, opera d’arte. Il “No” non esiste che negando un valore a tale opera. In un mondo in cui il clamore di voci divenute innumerevoli tende a persuaderci del contrario il mito cosmogonico indoeuropeo ci ricorda che il “Sì” resta sempre possibile: che un nuovo Ymir-Purusha-Janus può ancora risvegliarsi dall’”onda indistinta” in cui giace addormentato; che appena ieri, forse, si è già risvegliato, si è già sacrificato a se stesso, che ha già dato vita a Bur e Bestla, e che presto dei nuovi Asi, dèi luminosi, verranno a loro volta alla vita e intraprenderanno allora, in un mondo differente, sorto dalle rovine caotiche del vecchio, la loro eterna missione di “eroi civilizzatori”, assumendo così, serenamente, lo splendido e tragico destino dell’uomo che crea se stesso, e che avendo dato nascita a se stesso accetta anche, nell’idea della propria fine, la condizione di ogni avventura storica, di ogni vita.
Note
(1) Di Purusha, corrispondente indoario di Ymir, il Rig-Veda del resto dice espressamente che ha «mille teste e mille occhi», cosa che mostra bene che all’origine l’Uomo cosmico era dotato di onniveggenza. Secondo Pestalozzi, l’onniveggenza era precisamente uno degli attributi dell’”Essere supremo” primitivo.
(2) Questo ruolo, come abbiamo visto, si trova parzialmente proiettato nel personaggio di Heimdal.
(3) Jahvé confessa d’altronde di essere «geloso» degli altri dèi. Il termne stesso di Elohim non è forse plurale (plurale storico, e non di maestà)?
(4) Non è evidentemente il caso qui di entrare nei dettagli di tale complessa questione, cui si accenna pertanto unicamente a grandi linee.
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dimanche, 27 mai 2012
Martin Heidegger e la Rivoluzione conservatrice
Giorgio Locchi:
Martin Heidegger e la Rivoluzione conservatrice
SULLA "RIVOLUZIONE CONSERVATRICE" IN GERMANIA
Armin Mohler utilizzò l'espressione "Rivoluzione conservatrice", introdotto da Thomas Mann e Hugo von Hofmannsthal, per designare un ampio, complesso e, sotto il profilo dottrinario, variegato insieme di tendenze politiche, letterarie, filosofiche, artistiche, che, tra il 1918 e l'avvento del Nazionalsocialismo al potere, criticarono da Destra sia la Repubblica di Weimar e le dottrine democratico-liberali in genere. sia le ideologie social-comunistiche, nonostante certi sconfinamenti di alcune sue espressioni anche verso questi due ultimi orizzonti ideologici. Si trattava comunque di tendenze che avevano quale proprio minimo comune denominatore la critica alla "civiltà illuministico-borghese", ricollegandosi in ciò al Neo-romanticismo di fine Ottocento, e alle "idee del 1789", senza ripetere, però, pedissequamente. i temi già fatti valere dal pensiero Controrivoluzionario e Reazionario, in seguito ad una più attenta considerazione delle conseguenze derivanti dalla cosiddetta "modernizzazione".
Lo scritto di Mohler, Die Konservative Revolution in Deutschland. 1918-1932. Ein Handbuch, frutto di una ricerca per la tesi di laurea, fu pubblicato nel 1950 e, in seconda edizione, nel 1972. Per la traduzione italiana abbiamo dovuto aspettare il 1990. grazie alle Edizioni Akropolis e La Roccia di Erec. Purtroppo, la ricezione non è stata pari quanto meno all'attesa di quella traduzione, molto probabilmente perché si attendeva un testo di dottrina politica, mentre si tratta per lo più di un testo di filosofia della politica, quindi, bisognoso di un pubblico molto più coltivato culturalmente.
Se non proprio il termine "Rivoluzione conservatrice", espressioni analoghe sono ricorrenti in vari teorici — penso, ad esempio, a Sergio Panunzio — che le utilizzarono per designare il significato complessivo delle rivoluzioni nazionali che negli anni Venti e Trenta portarono al governo di importanti Stati europei, tra cui l'Italia, governi di ispirazione fascista. Si interessarono direttamente ad Autori riconducibili alla Rivoluzione conservatrice tedesca, Evola. Delio Cantimori, V. Beonio Brocchieri, Lorenzo Giusso e, anche se in chiave critica, Balbino Giuliano e Guido Manacorda.
Nel dopoguerra, nell'ambito della cosiddetta "Cultura di destra", l'attenzione al movimento meta-politico qui considerato, non poteva non passare attraverso la ricostruzione del Mohler. Possiamo ricordare di Stefano Mangiante, La cultura di destra in Germania ("Ordine Nuovo", n. 1-2, 1965) e gli scritti di un altro studioso, anch'esso scomparso prematuramente, ossia di Adriano Romualdi, la cui tesi di laurea discussa con Renzo De Felice, venne pubblicata postuma nel 1981, con il titolo Correnti politiche ed ideologiche della destra tedesca dal 1918 al 1932.
Profondo conoscitore della cultura tedesca, Giorgio Locchi si interessò a più riprese della Rivoluzione conservatrice e di quelli che devono senz'altro essere considerati come i due ispiratori principali di essa: Friedrich Nietzsche e Richard Wagner. Il saggio che qui di seguito viene riproposto, venne pubblicato dal periodico "La Contea" (N° 34). Locchi discusse del libro di Mohler nell'articolo La Rivoluzione conservatrice in Germania, pubblicato ne "La Destra" del gennaio 1974.
MARTIN HEIDEGGER E LA RIVOLUZIONE CONSERVATRICE
Il dibattito sul cosiddetto "caso Heidegger, recentemente ridivampato in Francia e di là un po' ovunque in Europa, ha dimostrato soprattutto questo: che il confronto col pensiero dì Heìdegger costituisce un'imperiosa necessità per chiunque, scevro da illusioni, si interroghi sui fondamentali problemi dei nostri tempi e sul destino delle genti d'Europa. Ma anche va dimostrato che del pensiero di Heìdegger circolano, dominando imperterrite, interpretazioni (sempre fondate su un aspetto particolare, isolato dal generale contesto), che lo stesso Heidegger ha più volte sdegnosamente confutate e rigettate: esistenzialismo, nichilismo, misticismo, pseudo-teologia, "rifiuto della Tecnica" e così via. Chiedersi — cito il titolo di un dibattito televisivo francese — se "esista un legame tra il pensiero di Essere e Tempo (1927) e l'adesione di Heidegger al Partito Nazionalsocialista 1 1933)", chiedersi cioè se esista un legame tra l'analitica heideggeriana dell'esistenza storica delFuomo e la visione del mondo nazionalsocialista, z interrogazione che presuppone una conoscenza genuina e non già un'interpretazione abusiva o pretestuosa del pensiero di Heidegger, così come d'altra parte esige una visione non riduttrice del Nazionalsocialismo e della sua Weltanschauung.
Quel che non cessa dì sorprendere in tutti gli studi dedicati al pensiero di Heidegger è il fatto che, sempre, la seconda conclusiva sezione di Essere e Tempo testo fondamentale, è totalmente ignorata, come "non letta". L'attenzione degli studiosi e degli interpreti si fissa sulla critica heideggeriana della concezione "metafisica" dell'essere come presenza (Anwesenhei) e sul primo approcio ancora puramente descrittivo della fenomenalità del Dasein, allorquando — e non fosse che per davvero comprendere quella critica e penetrare quella enomenalità — dovrebbe soprattutto soffermarsi sulla concezione che Heidegger espone della temporalità del Dasein, dell'esistenza istoriale dell'uomo. La tanto discussa e, dai più, tanto esaltata guanto malcompresa "rottura" con la "Metafisica"
occidentale scaturisce in effetti proprio da questa nuova concezione della temporalità. È questa concezione della temporalità a fondare la visione heideggeriana della storia ed è dunque in essa e a partire da essa che va eventualmente ricercata la natura del rapporto esistente tra il pensiero di Heidegger e la "visione del mondo" nazionalsocialita. Esprimerò subito, per evitare ogni pur comoda ambiguità, la mia convinzione: questa parentela esiste, è quanto mai intima e. nella sua articolazione, spiega l'adesione attiva dell'autore di Essere e Tempo alla NSDAP e la sua fervida partecipazione alle attività del regime su un piano non soltanto universitario (1933-34). L'abbandono del rettorato e di ogni attività politica a partire dalla seconda metà del 1934 coincidono con una evoluzione di pensiero che progressivamente conduce Heidegger, sempre formalmente membro della NSDAP, su posizioni critiche nei confronti del regime: ma la sua critica resta critica all'interno e non comporta mai, neanche nel dopoguerra, la minima concessione alle ideologie democratiche, la minima simpatia per gli avversari del Terzo Reich.
ROTTURA CON LO SPIRITO DELL'OCCIDENTE
La "rottura" di Heidegger col pensiero filosofico tradizionale dell'Occidente, cioè — come egli diceva — con la "Metafisica" occidentale, è stata recepita dalla filosofia cattedratica come un novum clamoroso, come una svolta storica del pensiero europeo. Heidegger stesso lo ha creduto e, si può dire, orgogliosamente proclamato. Ma, di fatto, la sua "rottura" con la Metafisica altro non è, quando è proclamata, che l'aspetto "moderno" di una rottura con lo "spirito dell'Occidente" propria di tutta una corrente dì pensiero emersa nella seconda metà del XIX secolo, corrente che, con riferimento a Nietzsche, possiamo chiamare "tendenza sovrumanista" in opposizione alla bimillenaria tendenza egalitarista che, con il suo inerente inconscio nihilismo, ha conformato e conforma il destino dell'Occidente. Preannunciata in una delle "due anime" viventi nel petto dei Romantici, questa tendenza sovrumanista trova infatti, in rottura con lo spirito dell'Occidente, la sua prima manifestazione storica nell'opera artistica e negli scritti "metapolitici" di Richard Wagner. Dopo Wagner e, pretestuosamente, contra Wagner, Nietzsche rivendica a sé il merito della "rottura", proclamandosi "dinamite della storia", fondatore del movimento che dovrà opporsi al bimillenario nihilismo dell'Occidente giudeo-cristiano. Ereditata ora da Wagner ora da Nietzsche, la rottura investe già all'inizio di questo secolo larghissima parte della cultura tedesca, che Ernst Tròltsch potè così opporre allo "spirito occidentale", e sfocia più tardi, dopo la prima guerra mondiale, non soltanto in Germania ma quasi ovunque in Europa, nelle varie correnti letterarie, artistiche, ideologiche e infine politiche d'una "Rivoluzione Conservatrice", di cui, a dispetto di quanto si vorrebbe far credere, sono parte integrante i vari movimenti fascisti.
Evidentemente ciò che permette di accomunare Wagner e Nietzsche e Heidegger ed i tanti autori e movimenti della "Rivoluzione Conservatrice" (giustificando l'uso di questo termine generico) non è certamente una filosofia, non è una ideologia in senso stretto, bensì — per così dire a monte di "ideologie" o filosofie quanto mai diverse e magari divergenti — un comune sentimento, una comune intuizione dell'uomo, della storia e del mondo, che drasticamente si oppone alla concezione che tradizionalmente fonda e sottende teologie, filosofie, ideologie, strutture politiche del cosiddetto "Occidente". La tendenza sovrumanista, cioè la rottura con la dominante tradizione occidentale, si manifesta sempre come "rivolta contro il mondo moderno", come condanna del nostro presente epocale e volontà di opporsi ad una situazione obbiettiva interpretata come trionfo del "nihilismo" e rovinoso declino dell'Europa. Di qui l'esigenza di una rivoluzione radicale, che peraltro anche è concepita come un rinnovamento delle origini: tratto politicamente essenziale che permet-
te di distinguere nel modo più netto ciò che è Rivoluzione Conservatrice e Fascismo da ciò che è soltanto o "reazione" o "conservatismo" o "progressismo".
UN RINNOVAMENTO DELLE ORIGINI
La visione della storia che da Wagner e Nietzsche fino alla Rivoluzione Conservatrice determina la "rivolta contro il mondo moderno" — come ho gin indicato — trova il suo fondamento in una nuova intuizione dell'uomo, della storia e del mondo. Questa intuizione nuova è, nella sua radice, intuizione della tridimensionalità della temporalità del Dasein, della "istorialità" umana. Armin Mohler. nel suo fondamentale studio sulla Rivoluzione Conservatrice in Germania, ha esaurientemente dimostrato che, alla concezione unidimensionale e "lineare" del tempo, Nietzsche e gli autori conservatori-rivoluzionari oppongono una concezione tridimensionale del tempo-della-storia. A dir vero. parlare a proposito di Nietzsche e di questi autori di una "concezione" della tridimensionalità del tempo è improprio: intuita, la tridimensionalità del tempo, al pari di tutte le "idee" che ne discendono. è affermata non già concettualmente, bensì con ricorso ad un Leitbild suggestivo ed evocatore, ad una "immagine conduttrice", quella della "Sfera" temporale (da non confondere, come quasi sempre avviene, col "cerchio" o "anello", proiezione della Sfera nel tempo unidimensionale della "sensorialità"). Questo ricorso a "immagini" si imponeva — come ha ben visto Mohler — perché il linguaggio ricevuto è, nella sua "razionalità", tutto impregnato della concezione unidimensionale del tempo ed ad essa dunque obbedisce. Un aspetto peculiare della grandezza di Heidegger sta proprio nel suo tentativo, intrapreso con Essere e Tempo, di destrutturare il linguaggio ricevuto e ricreare un linguaggio nuovo al fine, per l'appunto, di concettualizzare la tridimensionalità della temporalità storico-esistenziale, nonché le "idee" che essa immediatamente genera.
Nella misura in cui si constatò incompreso. Heidegger finì col giudicare fallito il tentativo di Essere e Tempo e ripiegò più tardi su una Sage, su un "dire mito-poetico" che, a parer mio, è stato icor più mal compreso, provocando non pochi Iuívoci e abbagli. La novità rivoluzionaria del nguaggio filosofico di Heìdegger spiega vera-lente l'incomprensione che oggi ancora circonda 'argomentazione conclusiva di Essere e Tempo e n particolare — qui potremmo ironicamente innotare: come è logico — il quarto ed ì] quinto capitolo della seconda sezione, rispettivamente dedicati a "Temporalità e Quotidianeità" ed a "Temporalità e Istorialità". Chi peraltro riesce a penetrare il linguaggio di Essere e Tempo e saprà fare propria, eventualmente sviluppandola, la concettualizzazione della temporalità tridimensionale, anche avrà trovato la chiave che meglio di qualsiasi altra permette di comprendere i "discorsi" della Rivoluzione Conservatrice ed i fenomeni politici da questa generati e cioè in primo luogo di comprendere la "razionalità", fondamentalmente diversa da quella della "Metafisica".
LA TEMPORALITÀ COME "SFERA"
Germanico Gallerani (nello scorso numero de "La Contea") ha creduto di poter opporre Heidegger, "uomo rivolto al passato", ad una Konservative Revolution, "rivolta al futuro". È vero l'esatto contrario: è proprio l'identico atteggiamento nei confronti di passato presente e avvenire il "sintomo" più appariscente della loro parentela spirituale. La Rivoluzione Conservatrice è rivoluzione perché "rivolta al futuro" e tuttavia "conservatrice" perché si richiama sempre ad un lontano "passato". Quanto ad Heidegger basti ricordare una sua definizione del Dasein, dell'uomo in quanto esistente istoriale: "un Essente, che nel suo essere è essenzialmente zukúnftig", cioè essenzialmente esistente nella dimensione temporale dell'avvenire. E proprio perché zukiinftig — spiega Heidegger — il Daseín "è cooriginariamente gewesend", esistente nella dimensione della "divenutezza", e "può dunque tramandare a sé stesso una possibilità ereditata e ad essa consegnarsi". Nel quadro della temporalità tridimensionale, della "istorialità", rivendicazione di un passato e progetto d'avvenire coincidono nel modo più intimo.
Il progetto avvenire che il Dasein sceglie nel "passato", contro altre, una possibilità di esistenza istoriale: "Il Daseín — esplicativamente aggiunge Heidegger — sceglie i suoì propri Eroi" e, cioè, sceglie tra le possibilità offerte dal "passato" (Vergangenheit) la sua propria "divenutezza" (Gewesenheit). Conservator-rivoluzionari e fascismi possono così progettare tutti, rivoluzionaria-mente, un "uomo nuovo" e. nondimeno, richiamarsi ad una passata possibilità d'esistenza: alla più lontana "germanità", alla `romanità" repubblicana o imperiale, ad una "cattolicità" confusa con l'origine della nazione e dei suoi antichi istituti imperiali o monarchici. Allo stesso modo, sul terreno puramente filosofico, Wagner si richiama alla ancestrale "religione" indoeuropea (di cui il "cristianesimo originario", "non giudaìzzato". sarebbe secondo lui una semplice evoluzione), Nietzsche ed Heidegger al pensiero pre-socratico ed Evola, drasticamente, ad una originaria "Tradizione" postulata in una nebulosa pre-istoria. La "rivolta contro il mondo moderno", l'assunto rivoluzionario sono determinati dalla natura stessa del "regresso in una passata possibilità d'esistenza istoriale", cioè dalla natura della "ripetizione" (Wiederholung): perché — così Heidegger — "la ri-petizione non intende far ritornare ciò che una volta è stato, bensì piuttosto offre una replica contraddittoria (erwidert) alla passata possibilità di esistenza" ed è così "simultaneamente, in quanto attualità, la revoca di tutto ciò che in quanto passato determina l'Oggí". "La ripetizione nè si affida al passato, nè mira ad un progresso, l'uno e l'altro essendonella attualità indifferenti all'esistenza istoriale". (Traducendo queste concezioni sul terreno della grande politica Martin Heidegger afferma nella sua Introduzione alla Metafisica che il popolo tedesco, "popolo di mezzo preso nella più dura tenaglia [tra America e Russia] e popolo più d'ogni altro minacciato", può realizzare il suo destino istoriale "soltanto laddove sappia creare in se stesso un'eco, una possibilità d'eco per la missione assegnatagli e comprenda creativamente la sua Tradizione" e cioè, "in quanto istoriale esponga, a partire dal centro del suo divenire storico, se stesso e con ciò la storia dell'Occidente nell'originaria regione delle potenze dell'Essere").
UNA "COMUNITÀ DI DESTINO"
L'atteggiamento di Heidegger nei confronti di "passato" e "attualità" ed "avvenire" non soltanto è essenzialmente identico — conforme — a quello della Rivoluzione Conservatrice e dei movimenti fascisti, bensì anche conferisce alla comune visione-della-storia un saldo fondamento concettuale. Quel che nel discorso conservator-rivoluzionario e fascista è ancora soltanto Leitbild, "immagine conduttrice", diviene con Heidegger concetto. Se in questa sede è evidentemente impossibile mostrare come per l'appunto l'analitica heideggeriana dell'esistenza istoriale concettualizzi, fondandosi sul principio della temporalità tridimensionale del Dasein, tutti i Leitbilder, tutte le "immagini conduttrici" della visione-del-mondo della Rivoluzione Conservatrice e dei movimenti fascisti, mi sembra nondimeno opportuno mettere qui in luce la traduzione concettuale che Heidegger offre di un Leitbild quanto mai rilevante, quello della "comunità di destino", ritrovata a seconda delle correnti o nel "popolo" o nella "nazione" o nella "razza" (questa a sua volta assai diversamente intesa).
E la temporalità tridimensionale dell'esistenza —afferma Heidegger — a "rendere possibile l'istorialità autentica, cioè quel che chiamiamo destino istoriale". Poiché il Dasein, in quanto essere-almondo, è anche co-essere, essere-con-Altri, ìl destino (Schicksal) di un Dasein è anche sempre Geschick, commesso destino comune, "la (cui) forza si libera grazie alla comunicazione ed alla lotta". Ora il "destino" scaturisce da una scelta istoriale pro-veniente dalla dimensione avvenire del Dasein: e nella comunicazione e nella lotta si riconoscono un comune destino coloro che hanno compiuto un'identica scelta istoriale e ad essa restano risolutamente fedeli. Ogni scelta istoriale implica però sempre la "ri-petizione", la "replica a una passata possibilità dell'esistenza istoriale" e, insieme, un "progetto d'avvenire". La "comunità di destino" si rivela dunque essa stessa costituita da una scelta istoriale (che è selettiva e che dunque può essere giudicata non-umanista da un punto di vista egalítarista). Questo significa che nazione popolo razza, in quanto comunità riconosciuta di
destino, se sempre costituiscono una replica contraddittoria (Erwiderung) della passata possibilità d'esistenza su cui si è portata la scelta istoriale, d'altro lato sempre hanno natura "pro-gettuale" e, nel presente oggettivo, restano un "da farsi", una "missione". La prassi politica dei regimi fascisti implica così una "disciplina selettiva" (Zucht, in tedesco) per l'appunto intesa a conformare il "materiale umano" dell'Oggi all'idea di nazione o popolo o razza scaturente dalla scelta istoriale compiuta. (In questo senso i fascismi sono "azione cui è immanente un pensiero" sempreché per pensiero si intendano insieme "ri-petizione" [nel senso che Heidegger dà a questo termine] e "progetto"). Altamente significativa e profonda è in questo contesto la distinzione che Heidegger introduce in Essere e Tempo fra "Tradition" e "Ueberlieferung", cioè — potremmo tradurre - fra "tradizione subita" e "tradizione scelta". "La tradizione — afferma Heidegger in Essere e Tempo — priva di radici l'istorialità del Dasein", essa "cela e addirittura fa dimenticare la sua stessa origine". La "Ueberlieferung", per contro, si fonda "espressamente sulla conoscenza dell'origine delle possibilità d'esistenza istoriale" e consiste nella "scelta" di una di queste possibilità, scelta che sempre proviene dalla dimensione avvenire del nostro Dasein. Solo una concezione del genere riesce a conciliare fedeltà alla tradizione e assunto rivoluzionario teso alla creazione di un "uomo nuovo".
IL "RETTORE DEI RETTORI"
Mohler, nel già citato saggio sulla Rivoluzione Conservatrice in Germania, mette espressamente tra parentesi il Nazionalsocialismo. Egli indica nondimeno che le correnti della Rivoluzione Conservatrice oggetto del suo studio vanno considerate "come i trotzkisti del Nazional socialismo". Implicitamente egli situa così il nazionalsocialismo al centro stesso della Rivoluzione Conservatrice così come dopo di lui ha fatto il marxista Jean-Pierre Faye (da non confondere col neo-destrista Guillaume Faye), che vede in Hitler "l'ospite muto" che accoglie in sé i discorsi che gli provengono dalla Destra e dalla Sinistra della Rivoluzione Conservatrice, tacitamente li sintetizza e, subito, li trasforma in azione. Conto tenuto di ciò e di quanto è stato precedentemente esposto, mi sembra ovvio affermare — così abbordando l'aspetto più concreto del dibattito suscitato dal libro di Farias — che lo Heidegger di Essere e Tempo va situato al centro del vasto campo della Rivoluzione Conservatrice e dunque su una posizione assai vicina a quella del movimento nazionalsocialita, quand'anche — inutile precisarlo - filosoficamente più "alta". Che dunque, al contrario di molti esponenti della Destra e della Sinistra della Rivoluzione Conservatrice, Heidegger non abbia scelto nel 1933 un settario distacco ed abbia invece prontamente aderito alla NSDAP ed attivamente partecipato poi per quasi due anni ad attività non soltanto politiche del regime, tutto ciò è non già frutto d'un abbaglio, d'una speranza mal riposta, del "fascino" subito nel contesto di un conturbante momento storico, bensì è frutto di una coerenza col proprio stesso pensiero e con le idee politiche a questo pensiero inerenti. Ciò non significa che nel 1933 tutte le idee politiche di Heidegger coincidano esattamente con quelle manifestate del discorso del nazionalsocialismo. È tuttavia evidente che, agli occhi di Heidegger, le differenze non investono l'essenziale: e — val la pena di osservare — neanche l'antisemitismo da sempre iscritto nel programma del partito fa ostacolo all'adesione.
L'evoluzione successiva ( a partire dalla seconda metà del 1934) dell'atteggiamento di Heidegger nei confronti del regime è certo avviata da contingenze umane, ma trova la sua causa profonda in una evoluzione di pensiero, quella stessa che indusse Heidegger ad abbandonare il "cammino" di Essere e Tempo, la cui annunciata seconda parte non fu dunque mai scritta. Lo Heidegger di Essere e Tempo aveva veduto nel movimento nazionalsocialista la traduzione politica dell'auspicata fine della Metafisica, cioè un sovvertimento della tradizione occidentale ed un superamento del nihilismo. Probabilmente egli si attendeva pertanto che il suo pensiero fosse riconosciuto dal regime come "filosofia del movimento". Avversato da altri universitari nazisti come il Krieck, protetti da
Rosenberg, Heidegger dovette abbandonare ogni speranza di imporre le sue idee in campo educativo e di divenire, come ad un certo momento era sembrato possibile, il "rettore dei rettori" delle Università germaniche. Nel 1935, un anno dopo le dimissioni dal rettorato, nel suo corso di introduzione alla Metafisica, egli ancora rivendicava al proprio pensiero, contro le varie "filosofie dei valori" alla Krieck, l'autentica comprensione della "intima verità e grandezza del movimento" nazionalsocialista, ritrovata "nell'incontro fra la Tecnica segnata da un destino planetario e l'uomo dei tempi nuovi". In questo stesso corso anche si annunciava però una critica del regime, che troverà in seguito la sua più compiuta seppur "cifrata" formulazione nella lettera Zur Seinsfrage (Sul problema dell'Essere) indirizzata a Ernst Jiinger nel 1953. È una critica — sia detto subito — che a mio avviso non situa Heidegger fuori dal vasto spazio della Rivoluzione Conservatrice. bensì - quanto meno nella trasparente intenzione dello stesso Heidegger — al di là dell'oggi in un "avvenire", che apparirà infine precluso alla volontà umana e potrà semmai soltanto essere concesso da "un dio".
SOLO UN "DIO" CI POTRÀ SALVARE
La "posizione" politica assunta dall'ultimo Heidegger deve essere messa in relazione con la sua interpretazione del pensiero di Nietzsche, la quale anche coinvolge la Rivoluzione Conservatrice (Jiinger) ed il movimento nazionalsocialista. Allo stesso modo in cui l'ultimo Nietzsche, dopo aver esaltato l'opera di Wagner, aveva voluto vedere in essa non già la promessa di una "rigenerazione" del mondo e della storia, bensì il "colmo della decadenza" ed una "fine", Heidegger ritiene fallito il tentativo nietzschiano di "dinamitare la storia" e "superare il nihilismo" occidentale. Secondo Heidegger, Nietzsche avrebbe il merito incontestabile di avere per primo "scoperto" e denunciato il "nihilsmo" della cultura occidentale, ma del nihilsmo non avrebbe saputo individuare la causa, situata a torto nel sovvertimento platonico-cristiano del "valori" anzichè nel-
l'oblio dell'Essere. Il pensiero di Nietzsche non costituirebbe dunque un superamento (Verwindung) della Metafisica, bensì capovolgerebbe la Metafisica stessa, portandola al suo ultimo compimento. Questa critica — non va dimenticato — ha un risvolto apologetico: in quanto ultima, più compiuta forma del metafisico oblio dell'Essere, il pensiero di Nietzsche costituisce nel giudizio di Heidegger un "passaggio obbligato", una ineludibile "necessità" sul cammino che potrebbe condurre al superamento della Metafisica e del nihilismo.
Nella citata lettera Zur Seinsfrage Heidegger proietta questa sua critica di Nietzsche sul "Lavoratore" jungeriano, interpretato come la moderna configurazione della Volontà-di-Potenza inerente al progetto di Nietzsche, e — non senza una segreta ironia nei confronti di Ernst Jiinger —sul regime nazionalsocialista in quanto realizzazione del progetto inerente al "Lavoratore" jùngeriano: ma questo anche significa che agli occhi di Heidegger la forma politica nazionalsocialista, in
quanto traduzione del capovolgimento nietzscheniano della Metafisica; supera storicamente la forma delle democrazie liberali o socio-comuniste. (Ovverosia, per dirla nel sinistrese di un LacoueLabarthe [cfr.: La Fiction da Politiquel: "Il nazismo è per Heidegger un umanismo che riposa su una determinazione dell'humanitas più possente di quella su cui riposa la democrazia, pensiero ufficiale del capitalismo, cioè del nihilismo secondo cui tutto vale").
Ai fini del dibattito aperto dal libro di Farias, poco importa qui la convinzione degli uni o degli altri che l'interpretazione di Heidegger costituisca o non costituisca una falsificazione del pensiero e della "posizione" di Nietzsche. Importante a questi fini è la spiegazione che essa offre dell'atteggiamento assunto da Heidegger nel dopoguerra e di quel suo "silenzio" che tanto esaspera il pretesto imperante "umanismo", proprio perché sostanzia un rifiuto di condannare chi, nel confronto coi suoi avversari, appare incondannabile.
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Philosophie, Révolution conservatrice | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : giorgio locchi, heidegger, révolution conservatrice, allemagne, philosophie, nouvelle droite, armin mohler | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
vendredi, 25 mai 2012
“Le Complexe de Narcisse”, recension de l’ouvrage de C. Lasch
“Le Complexe de Narcisse”, recension de l’ouvrage de C. Lasch
par Guillaume FAYE
Ex: http://vouloir.hautetfort.com/
« Partout, la société bourgeoise semble avoir épuisé sa réserve d’idées créatrices (…) La crise politique du capitalisme reflète une crise générale de la culture occidentale. Le libéralisme (…) a perdu la capacité d’expliquer les événements dans un monde où règnent l’État-Providence et les sociétés multinationales et rien ne l’a remplacé. En faillite sur le plan politique, le libéralisme l’est tout autant sur le plan intellectuel ».
Ce diagnostic porté par Christopher Lasch, l’un des observateurs les plus lucides de l’actuelle société américaine, donne le ton du réquisitoire qu’il a fait paraitre contre la mentalité et l’idéologie décadente des sociétés bourgeoises, sous le titre de The Culture of Narcissism (en traduction française, Le complexe de Narcisse). Dans cet essai, Lasch s’efforce de donner une description aussi précise que possible d’une « nouvelle sensibilité américaine » que l’on retrouve aujourd’hui, plus ou moins atténuée ou déformée, dans la plupart des pays industriels. Conclusion générale de son analyse l’individualisme traditionnel propre à l’idéologie libérale ne se traduit plus aujourd’hui, contrairement à ce qui se passait encore dans les années 60, par une politisation de l’opinion ou une radicalisation de la recherche du bien-être économique, mais par un repli radical sur le “moi” individuel. Ce repli correspond à la poursuite effrénée du “bonheur intérieur”. L’homme contemporain part à la recherche de lui-même, sans illusions politiques, mû par une angoisse qu’il tente d’apaiser par un recours systématique à toutes les formes de sécurité. C’est le triomphe de Narcisse.
Passant en revue l’évolution de la littérature, du système d’éducation, des médias de masse et du discours politique, C. Lasch dresse ainsi la “géographie” d’un narcissisme contemporain dans lequel il n’est pas éloigné de voir, à juste titre, le stade ultime du déclin d’une civilisation.
L’« invasion de la société par le moi » produit, dit-il, une course sans limites vers la « sécurité physique et psychique ». Équivalant à une existence menée dans un perpétuel présent, elle interdit « tout sens de la continuité historique ». Les modes “psy”, les obsessions sexuelles étalées dans le discours public, la frénésie des “expérimentations personnelles”, le désintérêt pour le travail, “l’égotisme” d’une famille nucléaire essentiellement consommatrice, la “théâtralisation de l’existence”, le mimétisme vis-à-vis des “vedettes” de la scène ou de la chanson, sont autant de traits caractéristiques du narcissisme.
« Cette concentration sur soi définit (…) le mouvement de la nouvelle conscience », note Lasch, qui ajoute : « La recherche de son propre accomplissement a remplacé la conquête de la nature et de nouvelles frontières ». Sur le plan politique, un tel comportement s’observe à gauche aussi bien qu’à droite. La gauche était d’ailleurs, depuis longtemps, acquise à une idéologie de refus de la vie-comme-combat. La droite, elle, a peu à peu été gagnée aux valeurs de la pensée rationnelle, calculatrice et bourgeoise. La fuite devant la lutte aboutit ainsi à un psychisme « misérabiliste », que Lasch décrit en ces termes : l’homme « est hanté, non par la culpabilité, mais par l’anxiété (…) Il se sent en compétition avec tout le monde pour l’obtention des faveurs que dispense l’État paternaliste. Sur le plan de la sexualité (…) son émancipation des anciens tabous ne lui apporte pas la paix (…) Il répudie les idéologies fondées sur la rivalité, en honneur à un stade antérieur du développement capitaliste. Il exige une gratification immédiate et vit dans un état de désir inquiet et perpétuellement inassouvi ».
L’origine de ce « complexe de Narcisse », état psychologique ultime de la mentalité individualiste, est à rechercher dans la décomposition d’une société qui, fondée sur l’égalité et l’autonomie individuelle, s’est peu à peu transformée en jungle sociale. « La culture de l’individualisme compétitif est une manière de vivre qui est en train de mourir — note à ce propos C. Lasch. Celle-ci, dans sa décadence, a poussé la logique de l’individualisme jusqu’à l’extrême de la guerre de tous contre tous, et la poursuite du bonheur jusqu’à l’impasse d’une obsession narcissique de l’individu pour lui-même. La stratégie de la survie narcissique (…) donne naissance à une « révolution culturelle qui reproduit les pires traits de cette même civilisation croulante qu’elle prétend critiquer (…) La personnalité autoritaire n’est plus le prototype de l’homme économique. Ce dernier a cédé la place à l’homme psychologique de notre temps — dernier avatar de l’individualisme bourgeois ».
Soumis aux “experts” et dominé par les psychiatres, l’homme contemporain s’est donc anxieusement lancé à la poursuite de son “moi”. Démobilisé dans ses instances profondes, imperméable à toute visée politique de longue durée, inapte à la compréhension d’un destin collectif, indifférent à l’histoire, il planifie, comme un comptable, l’obtention de son bonheur intime. Ce dernier, jusqu’à la fin des années 60, se confondait avec la réussite matérielle et le bien-être du confort domestique. C’était l’époque de la deuxième “révolution industrielle”, animée par une idéologie de la compétition individuelle et caractérisée par l’accession massive des classes moyennes au standing de la bourgeoisie aisée. Mais aujourd’hui, l’idée de bonheur a pris une autre résonance. Elle a dépassé sa connotation purement matérielle pour se doter d’une portée “psychologique”. Il s’agit maintenant de sécuriser son “moi”, de “partir à la recherche de soi-même”, sur la base d’une introspection presque pathologique. À la quête du bonheur économique, dont les limites apparaissent désormais clairement, s’ajoute la recherche du “bonheur intérieur”. L’idéal mercantile du bien-être petit-bourgeois conserve sa vigueur, mais il ne suffit plus à étancher la soif de l’homme contemporain. Celui-ci veut accéder à la “félicité psychique”. Il se tourne vers une série d’utopies nouvelles. L’État-Providence est là pour lui promettre la “bonne vie” sans le stress, le maximum de droits avec le minimum de devoirs, le confort à peu de frais, la prospérité matérielle dans la quiétude du “moi”.
Toutefois, les gourous du mieux-vivre, s’ils ont rejeté les valeurs de compétition et de risque, n’ont pas abandonné pour autant les aspirations matérialistes de la bourgeoisie traditionnelle. Narcisse, obsédé par son désir d’apaiser ses “tensions” psychologiques, de réaliser ses “pulsions” libidinales, n’entame pas une critique sur le fond de la société de consommation. Il veut l’abondance, mais sans avoir à se battre pour l’obtenir ; la richesse, mais sans effort, et, en plus, la plénitude sexuelle et l’apaisement de ses conflits quotidiens.
L’impossibilité évidente de satisfaire en même temps ces exigences contradictoires donne à la mentalité narcissique une conscience à la fois infantile et douloureuse. Plus l’individu se replie sur lui-même, plus il se découvre des “problèmes” nouveaux et insolubles. La recherche du bonheur débouche sur une angoisse qui n’est plus regardée comme un défi, mais comme une menace. La nouvelle bourgeoisie narcissique est une classe fragile, inquiète, hypersensible, superficielle, instable.
Une autre cause du narcissisme contemporain, qui « recroqueville le moi vers un état primaire et passif dans lequel le monde n’est ni crée ni formé », réside dans la permissivité sociale et la bureaucratisation. La permissivité détruit les normes de conduite collectives. Loin de libérer, elle isole. Elle fait exploser le sens. Privé du cadre éducatif et des institutions hérités, l’individu ne sait plus comment se comporter. Il s’en remet alors ans injonctions éphémères que lui distillent les médias, la publicité, les “manuels” d’éducation sexuelle, etc. Les conseils (intéressés) des magazines ou de la télévision se substituent à l’expérience intériorisée de la tradition familiale ou communautaire. Les règles de vie ne sont plus trouvées que par fragments ou par accident, dans le champ anonyme et frustrant du “discours public”. Le “surmoi” social s’est effondré. Les normes de comportement, auxquelles nulle société n’échappent, ne proviennent plus que des structures dominantes, économiques et techniques, de la société, Privé d’autodiscipline, puisqu’il n’intériorise pas les règles sociales, l’individu se heurte brutalement aux interdits socio-économiques qu’il découvre en arrivant à l’âge adulte : règles bureaucratiques, pratiques bancaires, impératifs commerciaux, etc. Élevé dans le mythe d’une “liberté” formelle, il supporte de moins en moins bien ces contraintes et réagit en se renfermant d’autant plus sur lui-même.
La bureaucratisation des activités sociales accentue la tendance. Déchargeant les hommes des soucis de la lutte quotidienne, elle donne aux hommes l’illusion de l’irresponsabilité. L’individu se découvre étranger à ceux qui l’entourent, à ceux qui partagent son existence quotidienne et à qui, désormais, plus rien ne le lie. La mentalité d’assistance, le recours perpétuel à des “droits” que rien ne vient plus fonder, la sécurisation de la vie privée par la bureaucratisation de l’État-Providence décharge l’individu de son rôle actif. Que lui reste-t-il à faire alors, puisque rien ne l’attache plus aux autres, sinon à se passionner pour lui-même ?
Le déclin des idéaux révolutionnaires et du marxisme orthodoxe a fait perdre l’espoir d’une transformation radicale de la société. L‘idéologie égalitaire a reporté ses visées dans le domaine des contre-pouvoirs insignifiants et des micro-aménagements quotidiens. L’égalitarisme ne laisse plus entrevoir de “paradis social”, mais seulement des “paradis individuels”. L’utopie du bonheur s’affaiblit sur le plan collectif et se rétracte au niveau intime et personnel. Nous en sommes à l’ère, prévue (et voulue) par l’École de Francfort, des “révolutions minuscules”.
La “fin de l’histoire”, elle aussi, est recherchée sur le plan individuel après l’avoir usé sur le plan social et collectif, Même la société “bonheurisée” et privée de véritable histoire politique que nous connaissons actuellement apparaît comme trop astreignante. Elle ne constitue pas encore un refuge suffisamment sécurisant contre le stress. Elle n’endort pas encore assez. L’individu, en se repliant sur sa sphère psychique, prend mentalement sa retraite dès l’âge de 20 ans. La société n’entend plus sortir directement de l’histoire ; c’est l’individu qui se retire de la société.
Oublieuse de toute notion de continuité historique, de toute perception dense des liens sociaux, la société narcissique incite à vivre pour soi-même et à n’exister que dans l’instant. Tel est d’ailleurs le sens de la plupart des messages publicitaires. Tel est aussi le “discours” distillé à longueur de temps par des magazines, de plus en plus nombreux, qui se spécialisent dans la résolution “catégorielle” des problèmes individuels (parents, enfants, jeunes femmes, amateurs de vidéo, etc.) et l’étude “micro-dimensionnelle” de la vie quotidienne. Dans cette recherche, nulle place n’est laissée à l’accomplissement personnel dans le sens d’un style aristocratique ou d’un dépassement de soi. On en reste aux fantasmes stéréotypes, à la planification “micro-procédurière”, à l’introspection complaisante d’un “moi” de plus en plus étiolé. « La survie individuelle est maintenant le seul bien », observe C. Lasch. Le XXIe siècle, à ce rythme, ne sera pas un siècle religieux, mais un siècle thérapeutique.
Dans cette perspective, le culte de la fausse intimité, l’intensification artificiel le des rapports subjectifs, la simplification primitiviste des “rituels” de séduction et d’approche, constituent des formes maladroites de compensation par rapport au cynisme social et à l’absence de valeurs partagées. L’existence de liens entre l’individu et des valeurs de type communautaire reste en effet une nécessité inéluctable dans toute société, quand bien même la conscience individuelle les refuse. Les liens affectifs individuels demeurent insuffisants pour donner aux individus un sens à leur existence. Ainsi, paradoxalement, la vague actuelle de “sentimentalité” qui tend à isoler l’individu à l’intérieur du couple, et le couple à l’intérieur de l’ensemble de la société, débouche sur la mort de toute affection authentique et sur la fragilisation des rapports d’union. L’amour comme l’amitié, pour être durables, doivent s’insérer dans un cadre plus large que celui défini par leurs protagonistes immédiats. Or, c’est cette dimension communautaire que le “narcissisme” attaque dans ses racines. Lorsque l’individu ne peut plus ni percevoir ni “idéaliser” le groupe, la cité, la communauté à laquelle il appartient, il est obligatoirement conduit à intensifier ses rapports infimes de façon si hypertrophique qu’il finit en fait par les détruire. C’est ainsi, par ex., que la vague récente de “néoromantisme”, évoquée par Edouard Shorter (Naissance de la famille moderne, Seuil, 1979), ne débouche pas sur l’amour, mais sur l’égotisme et sur l’obsession de soi.
De même, les fausses expérimentations vitales, qui ne reposent sur aucune habitude culturelle, sur aucun besoin intériorisé, dépersonnalisent l’individu au lieu de le recentrer, le “débranchent” en quelque sorte du monde vécu sans lui fournir “l’autre dimension” souhaitée. N’ayant pas trouvé le bonheur dans la consommation matérielle et le confort économique, la nouvelle bourgeoisie “narcissique” tente de l’atteindre dans une consommation de “produits spirituels”, dont la qualité laisse, évidemment, fort à désirer. Les États-Unis, et plus spécialement la sphère “californienne”, sont particulièrement en pointe dans ce style d’entreprises, dont certains essaient de nous persuader qu’elles constituent la naissance d’une nouvelle culture ou la source possible d’un renouveau de la spiritualité.
La description que donne C. Lasch est convaincante de bout en bout. Pourtant, Lasch semble ne pas tirer toutes les conclusions de son propos, probablement parce qu’il se trouve lui-même immergé dans une société américaine dont il n’ose pas remettre en cause les idéaux fondateurs (dont le “narcissisme” est pourtant l’aboutissement). C’est pourquoi il propose, de façon assez peu crédible un retour à des valeurs anciennes auxquels il n’envisage à aucun moment de donner un nouveau fondement. (Certains pourront voir là un essai de réactivation du puritanisme américain traditionnel).
Ce n’est pourtant pas, à notre avis, dans un quelconque “ordre moral” que réside la solution au “mal de vivre” de Narcisse. La solution ne peut procéder d’une manipulation sociale, d’une transformation des institutions, d’une évolution mécanique des codes sociaux ou d’un discours purement moral, Pour en finir avec “l’idéologie de la compassion” et la mentalité de “l’avoir-droit narcissique”, toute attitude répressive ou, au contraire, de simple lamentation, ne peut que se révéler sans effet. Seuls peuvent mobiliser les individus en tant que parties intégrantes d’un peuple, des projets d’essence politique et culturelle, fondés sur des valeurs (et des contre-valeurs) entièrement opposées à celles qui ont présidé à la naissance de la “république universelle” des États-Unis d’Amérique. Ce n’est pas, bien entendu, d’outre-Atlantique, que l’on peut les attendre.
◘ Le complexe de Narcisse : La nouvelle sensibilité américaine, traduit par Michel Landa, Robert Laffont, coll. Libertés 2000, 1981. [Version remaniée : La Culture du narcissisme, Champs-Flam, 2006]
► Guillaume Faye, Nouvelle École n°37, 1982.
00:05 Publié dans Livre, Nouvelle Droite, Philosophie, Sociologie | Lien permanent | Commentaires (1) | Tags : livre, christopher lash, guillaume faye, nouvelle droite, sociologie, philosophie | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
vendredi, 18 mai 2012
Dominique Venner: l'imprévu dans l'histoire
00:14 Publié dans Livre, Nouvelle Droite | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : livre, nouvelle droite, dominique venner, histoire | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
jeudi, 17 mai 2012
Lendemain d’élections: Les maladies infantiles du populisme
Polémia
Les deux tours de l’élection présidentielle de mai 2012 m’incitent à des réflexions nullement électoralistes ni politiciennes. Quelque chose d’important est survenu, qui était peu prévisible et que je vais résumer en deux remarques principales.
En dépit d’effets d’annonce peu discrets n’engageant que ceux qui voulaient y croire, le président sortant a raté sa tentative de « siphonner » l’électorat frontiste qui lui avait tant bénéficié en 1997. Oublions le candidat socialiste désigné en raison de son profil terne et rassurant après la mise à l’écart du richissime couple Sinclair-DSK pour cause de scandales publics répétés. Oublions aussi Jean-Luc Mélanchon qui n’a pas dépassé le total habituel des candidats d’extrême gauche, PC inclus. Reste la nouveauté de cette campagne, le Front national, entièrement rajeuni et dynamisé par la personnalité de sa présidente. A la faveur de qualités propres et d’un parcours difficile et tenace, Marine Le Pen a pu se faire entendre par la France qui souffre, représentant un réel espoir. Ses 18% de suffrages au premier tour constituent un succès d’autant plus évident qu’ils s’accompagnent d’un renouvellement important de l’électorat. Avec Marine Le Pen, le Front a changé de physionomie. Il a perdu l’image ringarde et agressive qui était la sienne pour s’afficher « moderne » sur les questions de société (contraception, avortement) et ferme sur la question de l’immigration. Les erreurs de la campagne de 2007 (présence d’une beurette) alors que Sarkozy brandissait un karcher symbolique ont, semble-t-il, été comprises. Le Front national est redevenu le grand rassemblement identitaire des Français souvent très jeunes qui refusent l’immigration.
Mais je ne prends pas la plume pour entretenir mes lecteurs d’évidences que l’on peut trouver ailleurs. Je voudrais appeler tout d’abord l’attention sur certaines conséquences de la défaite du président sortant. Elle vaut condamnation de son style « marchand de cravates » et de son soutien inconditionnel aux Etats-Unis et à Israël. Cette défaite s’étend à l’ancienne majorité. Dans son désarroi, celle-ci ne pourra plus opposer au Front national l’habituel barrage électoral l’excluant des assemblées contre toute justice démocratique ; un barrage qui favorisait la reproduction des oligarchies de droite et de gauche (à supposer que ces mots aient un sens). Ce « système » avait été mis en place par le général De Gaulle pour éliminer des concurrents de droite, et assurer son pouvoir face à un parti communiste encore puissant et avec qui il entretenait une étrange complicité depuis la Résistance (été 1941), l’Epuration (mené contre des ennemis communs) et la Libération (cinq ministres communistes dans le gouvernement De Gaulle en 1945). Neutralité encore du PCF lors des événements de Mai-68 provoqué en grande partie par le soutien du pouvoir à l’intelligentsia de gauche pour lutter contre la droite « Algérie française » de l’époque. J’ai détaillé tout cela dans mon essai, De Gaulle, La grandeur ou le néant (Le Rocher, 2004) qui est plein d’enseignements pour comprendre notre temps.
En résumé, la grande époque de la bipolarisation voulue par l’ancien gaullisme est révolue. On le doit au temps qui passe et use tout, aux fautes et au tempérament de Sarkozy, mais aussi aux qualités de Marine Le Pen, sans préjuger naturellement d’un avenir que nous ignorons.
A ce sujet, il est nécessaire de relever une tendance inquiétante qui n’est pas le propre du Front national, mais qui semble commune à la plupart des mouvements « populistes » européens (j’entends le qualificatif populiste de façon nullement péjorative).
Comme la plupart de ses émules européens, le Front national souffre d’une sorte de « maladie infantile », comme aurait dit Lénine pour les siens. La « maladie infantile » du populisme peut être diagnostiquée comme une méconnaissance dramatique de la réalité européenne et une tentation de repli rétrograde, dans le vieux cadre apparemment rassurant de vieilles nations sorties de l’Histoire, celui de la « France seule » (comme si nous en étions encore à Louis XIV). C’est une option difficilement soutenable dans un monde constitué d’énormes puissances et de vastes espaces en conflits, et alors que d’évidentes catastrophes pointent à l’horizon. On comprend naturellement la défiance justifiée à l’encontre des institutions actuelles de l’Union européenne qui n’ont d’européennes que le nom, et sont en réalité mondialistes dans leur idéologie et leurs desseins. Mais, sous prétexte qu’une oligarchie dénaturée a mis en place un système aberrant (plus jacobin que fédéral), faut-il rejeter en bloc toutes les perspectives européennes qui étaient justes à l’origine (interdire une nouvelle guerre fratricide entre la France et l’Allemagne et construire un ensemble géopolitique cohérent par rapport aux grands blocs mondiaux, disposant de sa propre monnaie face au dollar et au yen) ? Ne faut-il pas, au contraire, dessiner un nouveau projet mobilisateur, celui d’une nouvelle Europe carolingienne, qui entraînerait la volonté d’une refonte complète des institutions, afin que celles-ci permettent une véritable union fédérative de peuples frères et non l’instrument dictatorial d’idéologies mondialistes et d’oligarchies mafieuses ? Enfin, ne faudrait-il pas rappeler haut et fort, en préambule à tout, notre appartenance à une civilisation européenne qui nous justifie et plonge ses racines jusque dans notre antiquité commune la plus ancienne, qu’elle soit grecque, romaine, celte et germanique ?
Dominique Venner
00:10 Publié dans Actualité, Affaires européennes, Nouvelle Droite, Politique | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : nouvelle droite, politique, politique internationale, actualité, france, europe, affaires européennes, présidentielles françaises | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
samedi, 05 mai 2012
Endzeiten: Die Balkanisierung Europas und Jüngers Anarch
Endzeiten: Die Balkanisierung Europas und Jüngers Anarch
Hier & Jetzt (Ausgabe 18; Frühjahr 2012)
http://www.hier-und-jetzt-magazin.de/
Dr. Tomislav Sunic
Das Wort „Endzeiten“ erinnert an die biblischen Voraussagen über einen linearen Zeitverlauf, der in ein apokalyptisches Ende der Welt einmünden soll. Diese Idee ist typisch für den Offenbarungsmenschen, dessen Denken aus semitischen Quellen gespeist wird: „Dann sah ich einen neuen Himmel und eine neue Erde. Der erste Himmel und die erste Erde waren verschwunden, und das Meer war nicht mehr da. Ich sah, wie die Heilige Stadt, das neue Jerusalem, von Gott aus dem Himmel herabkam“ (Offb. 21,1-4).
Schicksalszeit und lineare Zeit
Heute offenbart sich dieser „semitische Geist“ im Glauben an ständigen wirtschaftlichen Fortschritt und dessen ideologischen Ablegern: Kommunismus und Liberalismus. Doch man begegnet auch im europäischen Erbe dem Begriff der Endzeiten, obgleich die europäischen Endzeiten seit immer zyklischer Natur gewesen sind. In seinem Werk beschreibt Ernst Jünger die Schicksalszeiten im Gegensatz zu heutigen technokratischen, geradlinigen und meßbaren Zeiten. Kann es für Europäer noch schlimmer werden, als es schon ist? „Das Schicksal darf geahnt, gefühlt, gefürchtet, aber es darf nicht gewußt werden. Verhielte es sich anders, so würde der Mensch das Leben eines Gefangenen führen, der die Stunde seiner Hinrichtung kennt“ (1).
Für viele Menschen in Osteuropa – und besonders für die Systemkritiker – war einst das kommunistische System das Sinnbild der Endzeiten, das nachfolgende Spätzeiten unbedingt ausschließen sollte. Der Zeitverlauf schien im Kommunismus für immer verriegelt. Nach der Katastrophe von 1945 waren viele intelligente Europäer der Ansicht, daß nicht nur das Ende einer* Welt hereingebrochen war, sondern das Ende der Welt schlechthin. Für postmoderne Europäer stellt sich nun die Frage: Wo liegen die lokalen europäischen Endzeiten und wo liegt die globale Endzeit? Vielleicht sind die europäischen Endzeiten schon lange vorbei – und vielleicht sind alle Europäer schon seit Jahrzehnten tief im genetischen Verfall begriffen. Vielleicht sind Europäer am Ende schon etwas, das diesen Namen gar nicht mehr verdient? Das Problem für Europäer liegt in der richtigen Benennung der heutigen Systemzeiten, die zwar, wenn in großem historischem Zeitraum gesehen, keine Rolle spielen, aber deren peinliche Dauer für ein Menschenalter eine Ewigkeit bedeutet. Wie sollen wir diese Zeit bewerten?
Die Zeitwahrnehmung, besonders im Ernstfall, wird am besten auf dem Balkan bemessen, einem Teil Europas, der ständig den großen tektonischen Einflüssen ausgesetzt ist. Balkanisierung ist nicht nur eine Frage geopolitischer Entortung. Balkanisierung heißt auch: eine geistesgeschichtliche Entartung, wobei sich verschiedene politische Identitäten vermischen und ständig von anderen Identitäten ersetzt werden. Jedoch, angesichts der heranrückenden Katastrophen, kann jede Balkanisierung auch ein scharfes Überlebenstalent hervorrufen. Dieses Talent kann man nur als gelassener Einzelgänger ohne irgendwelche politischen Verbindungen mit der heutigen Welt üben. Wenn nötig, sollte man, wie es seit Jahrhunderten auf dem Balkan ist üblich ist, als Bauer leben, aber im Notfall auch schnell zur Waffe greifen können.
Die zwei Seiten der Balkanisierung
Heute jedoch gibt es zwei verschiedene Seiten der Balkanisierung. Auf der einen Seite gibt es in Europa noch immer den abgenutzten Haß zwischen artverwandten Europäern. Auf der anderen Seite kann man in ganzem Europa die herankommenden Kleinkriege mit Nichteuropäern als eine Art Neubalkanisierung betrachten. Im Lichte der ständigen Völkerwanderungen aus der Dritten Welt in der Richtung Europas sind alle Europäer Balkanesen geworden oder sollten sogar Balkanesen sein: Nicht unbedingt im negativen Sinne, sondern auch im positiven Überlebenssinne. Wer inmitten der wilden Tiere lebt, muß auch selbst ein Tier werden. Wie der italienische Soziologe, Vilfredo Pareto, treffend vor einhundert Jahren prophezeit hat: „Wer zum Lamm wird, findet bald einen Wolf, der einen auffrißt.“ (2).
Balkanisierung und interethnische Kleinkriege in Europa scheinen unvermeidlich zu sein, obgleich wir noch nicht wissen, welche Gestalt diese Balkanisierung und Kleinkriege annehmen werden. Man sollte sich wieder an den merkwürdigen Charakter des Anarchs von Ernst Jünger aus seinem Roman Eumeswil* erinnern. Der Protagonist Martin Venator alias Anarch, lebt in der multikulturellen Kasbah sein Doppelleben; er ist kein Rebell, kein Dissident und hat sich auch sehr gut ins System eingefügt. Jedoch in seinem Versteck hat er neben seinen Büchern auch Waffen. Er haßt das System. Jüngers Roman kann auch als Bildungsroman für die heutigen Generationen der jungen Europäer gelten, ähnlich dem jüngsten Balkankrieg, der auch eine didaktische Rolle für viele kroatischen Kämpfer spielte.
Totalüberfremdung –Gefahr und Chance
Kulturfremde Einwanderung nach Europa verlangt deswegen von uns eine neue Definition von uns selbst. Und hier sind wir Zeuge einer großen Geschichtsironie: Unser heutiges ethnisches Bewußtsein und Kulturbewußtsein wächst im Verhältnis zu den Wellen der Ankunft nichteuropäischer Zuwanderer nach Europa. Je mehr hereinkommen, desto mehr sind wir uns unserer eigenen Herkunft bewußt. Können die heutigen europäischen Nationalisten kulturell und ethnisch eine Vorstellung von sich selbst haben, ohne sich vom Anderen abzugrenzen? Die Endzeiten setzen immer die Ausgrenzung des Andersartigen voraus. Das erinnert an die kroatische Alt-Rechte, die ihr Kroatentum fast ausschließlich auf dem Anti-Serbentum aufbaut. Gäbe es irgendeine nationale oder rassische Identität ohne die wahrgenommene oder die vorgestellte Gefahr von anderen nationalen oder rassischen Identitäten? Übrigens sind solche negativen kleinstaatlichen Identitäten, die alle Europäer schmerzvoll erleben mußten, heute überholt und nutzen den Europäern nicht mehr. Heute sollte man die Zeiten mit anderen Mitteln messen, um den neuen Feinden besser zu begegnen.
Historisch gesehen haben die entgegengesetzten Euronationalismen und Balkanismen in Mittel- und Osteuropa nie eine konvergierende Wirkung für die europäischen Völker gehabt. Sie sind schädlich gewesen und müssen deshalb abgelehnt werden. Alle bisherigen Methoden der nationalen Selbstbestimmung – wie die Zugehörigkeit zu seinem Stamm oder einem eigenen Staat auf Kosten der benachbarten europäischen Staaten und Stämme, z. B. Polen gegen Deutsche, Serben gegen Kroaten oder Iren gegen Engländer – haben sich als katastrophal erwiesen. Solche exklusiven Nationalismen legitimieren nur das neomarxistische und -liberale Experiment des Multikulturalismus. Cui bono?
Einiges darf man hier nicht übersehen: Die alten europäischen Nationalismen und Balkanismen haben alle sehr viel an europäischen Menschenleben gekostet. Was jetzt den Europäern übrigbleibt, ist nur ihre gemeinsame ethnokulturelle Identität, unabhängig davon, ob sie in Australien, Kroatien, Chile oder Bayern leben. Ironischerweise bietet heutzutage ein neubalkanisiertes Europa und Amerika gutes Terrain für ein gemeinsames biopolitisches Erwachen. Angesichts der massiven Flut nichteuropäischer Einwanderer werden sich mehr und mehr Europäer ihrer eigenen ethnokulturellen und rassischen Herkunft bewußt. Die unmittelbare Gefahr der Totalüberfremdung bietet jetzt eine Chance, das große Ganze zu sehen und die frühere Kleinstaaterei abzuschütteln. Jetzt erleben alle Europäer täglich gefährliche Berührungen mit „neueuropäischen“ Völkerschaften, die ihnen total art- und kulturfremd sind. Was heißt heute ein Deutscher, ein Franzose, ein Amerikaner zu sein, da mehr als 10 Prozent der Bundesbürger und mehr als 30 Prozent der Amerikaner nichtweißer Herkunft sind?
Kommunistischer Völkermord oder Multikultimord?
Die meisten autochthonen Europäer und weißen Amerikaner sind informiert über die gefährlichen Folgen der Neubalkanisierung, aber selten geben sie sich die Mühe, über deren Ursachen nachzudenken. Ziehen wir zuerst ein paar Parallelen zwischen kommunistischem Terror und heutigem Überfremdungsterror. In diesem Zusammenhang können die Schilderungen des mörderischen Wirkens der Kommunisten in Osteuropa und besonders auf dem Balkan nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg als Beispiel dienen, um die heutige Lage der Totalbalkanisierung und -überfremdung in ganz Europa besser zu begreifen. Freilich, die Thematisierung der Zeitgeschichte in Europa bzw. im heutigen Kroatien ist, ähnlich wie in Deutschland, nicht erwünscht und bleibt deshalb oftmals sogenannten „Rechtsradikalen“, „Revanchisten“ und „Revisionisten“ vorbehalten. Deswegen besteht auch für einen gelassenen kroatischen oder deutschen Anarch die Gefahr, daß er jedesmal, wenn er einen kausalen Nexus zwischen den kommunistischen Völkermorden vor und nach 1945 in Osteuropa und dem heutigen Überfremdungsmord herstellt, als „Rechtsextremist“ gebrandmarkt wird. Der Einzelne und sein Doppelgänger Anarch müssen daher ein gutes Einfühlungsvermögen in die Seele des Andersartigen haben und immer vorausdenken.
Im Zuge des Terrors, den die Kommunisten nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg von Kärnten bis Mazedonien durchführten, spielten ideologische Gründe, also der berühmte „Klassenkampf“, eine mindere Rolle. Viel bestimmender war ein pathologischer Neid der Kommunisten und ihre Erkenntnis, daß ihre antikommunistischen und nationalistischen Feinde, insbesondere kroatische, slowenische und volksdeutsche Intellektuelle, intelligenter waren und eine höhere moralische Integrität besaßen. Solch eine Partisanengesinnung bzw. solche philo- und paläokommunistischen Gedankengänge sind typisch für die heutigen außereuropäischen Zuwanderer, wenngleich sie noch nicht im Stande, sind ihren Neid und ihren Haß gegen die Autochthonen in einen direkten Konflikt umzuwandeln. Die kommunistischen Völkermorde nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg hatten Einfluß auf den Rückgang der kulturellen und genetischen Fortentwicklung in Kroatien und anderswo in Osteuropa. Die kroatische Mittelschicht und eine große Anzahl intelligenter Menschen wurden einfach ausgelöscht und konnten nicht ihr Erbe, ihre Intelligenz und ihre Schaffenskraft an ihre Nachkommen weitergeben.
Balkanisierung und Multi-Kulti als kommunistische Ersatzideologie
Wo also liegen die Parallelen zum neuen Überfremdungsterror in Westeuropa? Man muß feststellen: Das, was die früheren Kommunisten mit ihrem Terror in Mittel- und Osteuropa nicht vollenden konnten, erreicht die heutige liberale „Superklasse“ mit ihrer sanften Ersatzideologie des Multikulturalismus. Der ständige Zuzug von Nichteuropäern führt zum Niedergang des europäischen Genpools. So sieht man deutlich die krassen Auswirkungen der Gleichheitsideologie und ihres größten Vollstreckers, des Kommunismus, der einst lehrte, daß alle Menschen gleich seien. Im Liberalismus wird das Mordinstrument zwar anders benutzt, die Folgen sind aber denen im Kommunismus gleich. Das liberale System glaubt, daß alle europäischen Völker in einem neokommunistischen bzw. liberal-multikulturellen Suprastaat von nichteuropäischen Stämmen stets ersetzt werden können und wie Verbrauchsmaterial ständig reproduziert werden sollten. Balkanisierung und Multikulturalismus funktionieren heute als Ersatzideologie für den verbrauchten und diskreditierten Kommunismus. Beide Systeme sind bei den Zuwanderern aus der Dritten Welt beliebt, aber auch bei den weißen Linksintellektuellen des Westens, die immer auf der Suche nach neuer Politromantik sind. Der Kommunismus ging in Osteuropa zugrunde, weil er sich als Neomarxismus in der Praxis viel besser in Westeuropa verwirklicht hat.
Die Schuld an der Balkanisierung Europas und Amerikas tragen die Kapitalisten. Es liegt in ihrem Interesse, eine billige millionenstarke Reservearmee zur Arbeit nach Deutschland und Westeuropa zu holen, so daß sie immer wieder die Löhne der einheimischen Arbeitnehmer herabsenken können. (3) Diese importierten und zugewanderten Arbeitskräfte in Europa haben niedrige Intelligenz, wenig Sozialbewußtsein und gar kein Gespür für die europäische Kultur. Deswegen sind sie besser manipulierbar. Und deswegen sollte man die weiße kapitalistische „Superklasse“ als Hauptfeind betrachten. Der Händler hat keine Identität. Einem deutschen Börsenmakler oder einem kroatischen Ex-Kommunisten und heutigen Spekulanten ist es völlig egal, wo seine Heimat liegt – so lange er Geld verdient. Schon der Urvater des Kapitalismus, der berüchtigte, jedoch hochgepriesene Adam Smith, schrieb: „Der Kaufmann ist nicht unbedingt der Bürger irgendwelchen Landes.“ (4)
Der Fehler der Nationalgesinnten in Europa und den USA ist die Verwechselung von Ursachen und Wirkung des Multikultisystems: Nicht die vorderasiatischen oder afrikanischen Einwanderer tragen Schuld an der drohenden Balkanisierung Europas, sondern die Systempolitiker und ihre sogenannte kapitalistische „Superklasse“. Hinzu kommt auch die weit verbreite Meinung, daß der Islam mit seiner angeblich gefährlichen und gewalttätigen Religion der Hauptfeind ist. Man sollte hier aber zwischen Religion und ethnischer Herkunft differenzieren. Zudem sollte man sich auch daran erinnern, daß das jüdische Alte Testament nicht gerade friedensstiftende Prosa ist. Und auch wenn man das Evangelium liest, sollte man sich an den Terror des Dreißigjährigen Krieges erinnern, der unter dem Zeichen der christlichen Konfessionen geführt wurde. Aber auch sonst ist Religionskritik nicht geeignet, um Masseneinwanderung zu kritisieren. Die meisten der 30 Millionen illegalen Einwanderer in Amerika sind fromme Katholiken aus Lateinamerika, die päpstlicher sind als der Papst, obgleich sie den Europäern nicht artverwandt sind und einer anderen Rasse und einem anderen Kulturkreis angehören.
Das Kapital will Balkanisierung, da das Kapital keine Heimat kennt. Es kennt nur die Mobilität der Arbeitskräfte über nationale Grenzen hinweg. Deshalb soll der neue Anarch nicht schockiert sein über die stillschweigende und heilige Allianz zwischen dem Kommissar und dem Händler, zwischen dem Big* Business* und der Linkschickeria. Die Linke spricht sich für die Masseneinwanderung aus, da die Einwanderer für sie heute das Ersatzproletariat bedeuten. Für den Kapitalisten ist es vorteilhaft, Menschen aus der Dritten Welt nach Europa zu holen, weil diese den Interessen des Kapitalismus dienen. Das Kapital mit seinen Schmugglern von Menschen und Gütern auf der einen und die Antifas, Päderasten, Menschenrechtsaktivisten und christlichen Aktivisten auf der anderen Seite: das sind heute die echten Wortführer für die Abschaffung der Grenzen und die Lautsprecher für ein multirassisches, multikulturelles und wurzelloses Europa. Der Kapitalist zielt auf den Abbau des Wohlfahrtsstaates, da ihm jeder Staat zu teuer ist. Ein linker Antifa will den Nationalstaat ebenso abschaffen, da für ihn jeder Staat nach Faschismus riecht. Trotz des offiziellen Zusammenbruchs des Kommunismus sind die kommunistischen Ideen der Gleichmacherei und der Glaube an den Fortschritt mehr als je lebendig im heutigen liberal-multikulturellen Europa, wenn auch in anderer Form und unter anderen Namen – und dies sogar unter vielen Menschen, die sich selbst als Antikommunisten deklarieren.
Identität in den Spätzeiten
Wie soll unsere neue Identität heißen? Der neueuropäische Anarch muß sich bemühen seine Kultur und sein Rassebewußtsein zu erhalten. Der Rassebegriff kann nicht geleugnet werden, auch wenn dieser Begriff heute kriminalisiert wird. Man kann seine Religion, seine Gewohnheiten, seine politischen Ansichten, sein Territorium, seine Nationalität, und auch seinen Paß wechseln, aber man kann seinen Erbanlagen nunmal nicht entfliehen. Die Soziobiologie wird in den politischen Analysen der liberalen Medien mit Spott und Ekel bedacht, wenngleich der Anarch wissen sollte, insbesondere wenn der Ausnahmezustand ausgerufen wird, daß er zuerst zu seinem eigenen Stamm und zu seiner Sippe zu halten hat. Sollte er es vergessen, wird der „Andersartige“ nicht zögern, ihn schnell an seine Sippe oder an seine Rasse zu erinnern. Der jüngste Krieg in Jugoslawien war ein klares Vorzeichen dessen, wie man seine „neue Identität“ erwirbt bzw. wie man ein Zufalls- oder „Berufs“-Kroate wird. (5)
Jedoch Rassebewußtsein allein genügt in den Endzeiten nicht als Hilfsmittel für vollkommene Identität. Rasse muß immer in größerer, in geistiger Weise verinnerlicht werden. Rasse ist nicht nur ein biologisches Gegebenes – Rasse heißt auch geistige Verantwortung. Es gibt viele, viele Weiße in Europa und Amerika, die geistig total degeneriert sind – trotz eines gutaussehenden „nordischen“ Körpers. Ein solcher Körper ist jedoch keinesfalls Garant für einen ebensolchen Charakter. Schon Ludwig Clauß schrieb: „Seelenkundlich eine Rasse erforschen, bedeutet zunächst: den Sinn ihrer leiblichen Gestalt erkennen. Dieser Sinn aber ist nur aus der seelischen Gestalt verstehbar.“ (6)
Um europäische Identität wiederherzustellen, muß der heutige Anarch zunächst den Kapitalismus demontieren. Zweitens muß er auch die Gleichheitslehre des Christentums kritisch überprüfen. Nichteuropäische Einwanderer wissen genau, daß sie nur im christlich geprägten Europa mit seiner Spätreligion der Menschrechte und seinem Nationalmasochismus gut und sorglos leben können. Gefühle des Selbsthasses gibt es weder bei ihnen noch den Politikern in ihren Heimatländern. Jene Weiße, jene Waldgänger, die in den Ländern der Dritten Welt gelebt haben, wissen sehr gut, was rassische Ausgrenzung und Diskriminierungen gegen die eigene Bevölkerung in den Ländern der Dritten Welt bedeutet. Ein Mestize aus Mexiko oder ein Osttürke aus Ankara weiß genau, welchem rassischen und kulturellen Kreis er in seiner Heimat gehört. Er hat nichts zu suchen bei den „Türken“ aus der Oberschicht, die ihn ständig ausgrenzen und die auf ihre eigene albanische oder ihre bosnische Herkunft sehr stolz sind und sich dazu in der Öffentlichkeit bekennen. Im Gegensatz dazu bieten Deutschland bzw. Amerika diesen Mischlingen aus der Dritten Welt die Möglichkeiten an, die ihnen aufgrund ihrer Herkunft in ihrer Heimat für immer versperrt bleiben.
Das Großkapital der weißen Oligarchie in Europa, gepaart mit Schuldgefühlen der Spätchristen auf der einen Seite und linken Befürwortern der Rassenpromiskuität auf der anderen Seite, sorgen für die volle Legitimität der Abermillionen nichteuropäischer Zuwanderer. Wenn die Europäer wieder eine eigene Identität aufbauen wollen, sollten sie zuerst den Kapitalismus und die Freimarkttheologie demythologisieren. Auslandsimmigration kommt dann sofort zum Stillstand! Denn Einwanderer haben dann kein Motiv mehr, in den Ländern der Andersartigen zu leben und daran große Erwartungen zu knüpfen.
Optimistisch betrachtet, ist der Liberalismus am Ende. Sein Experiment mit den abstrakten Dogmen des Multikulturalismus, seinem wirtschaftlichem Fortschritt und seiner ethnisch undefinierten Bevölkerung ist gescheitert. Sowohl in Europa als auch in den USA zeigt sich täglich, daß das liberale Experiment tot ist. Es gibt dafür genügend empirische Beweise. Nun ist es ein typisches Merkmal von dahinsiechenden politischen Klassen, in weihevollen Worten über ihre Unfehlbarkeit, über ihre Ewigkeit, über die Wahrhaftigkeit ihres Systems zu dozieren – gerade in dem Moment, wenn ihr System auseinanderfällt. Solch selbstgefälliges Wunschdenken hat man unzählige Male in der Geschichte erlebt. Die fingierten Selbstvorstellungen der heutigen herrschenden Klassen über die Endzeiten und das „Ende der Geschichte“ ähneln der Denkweise der politischen Klasse in der ehemaligen DDR und der Sowjetunion kurz vor ihrem Zusammenbruch. In Sommer 1989 noch gab es große Paraden in der DDR, wobei die dortigen Politiker von der Unzerstörbarkeit des Kommunismus schwärmten. Wenige Monat später fiel die Mauer – und das System war tot. Und somit kam auch das Ende einer Welt und das Ende einer Runde europäischer Schicksaalzeiten. Die heute herrschende Klasse in Deutschland und der EU weiß gar nicht, wohin sie will und was sie mit sich selbst tun soll. Sie ist viel schwächer, als sie es zeigen will. Der Anarch lebt wieder in einer höchst spannenden historischen Zeitleere, und es hängt von seiner Willenskraft ab, welchen Sinn er dieser Zeitleere geben wird.
Netzseite: www.tomsunic.info
Fußnoten :
1. Ernst Jünger, An der Zeitmauer, (Cotta- Klett Verlag, 1959), Seite 25.
2. Vilfredo Pareto, "Dangers of Socialism", The Other Pareto (St. Martin's, 1980), Seite 125.
3. Alain de Benoist, « L'immigration, armée de réserve du capital », Eléments, Nr. 138 (April- Juni 2011).
4 Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2 Vol. (Edinburgh, Printed, at the Univ. Press, for T. Nelson, 1827) p. 172.
http://www.econlib.org/library/Smith/smWN11.html
5. Tomislav Sunic, La Croatie, un pays par défaut? (Avatar, 2010).
6. Ludwig Clauß, Rasse und Charakter, (Verlag Moritz Diesterweg, Frankfurt a. M. 1942), Seite 43.
00:05 Publié dans Nouvelle Droite, Réflexions personnelles, Révolution conservatrice | Lien permanent | Commentaires (0) | Tags : balkans, ernst jünger, allemagne, littérature allemande, révolution conervatrice, lettres allemandes, croatie, nouvelle droite, réflexions personnelles, tomislav sunic | | del.icio.us | | Digg | Facebook
vendredi, 04 mai 2012
Armin Mohler: Rechter Blick auf die Bundesrepublik
Armin Mohler: Rechter Blick auf die Bundesrepublik
Ansgar Lange
http://www.jungefreiheit.com/
Armin Mohler wurde am 12. April 1920 in Basel geboren. Der Vater war evangelisch-reformiert, die Mutter katholisch. Die religiöse Prägung Mohlers war schwach. Die Mohler-Kinder wurden nach dem Bekenntnis des Vaters erzogen, aber das Christentum blieb rein äußerlich und wurde höchstens in der calvinistisch geprägten Atmosphäre Basels erfahren. Dafür faszinierten den jungen intellektuellen Schweizer andere Ideengebäude, die für seinen illegalen Grenzübertritt nach Deutschland im Jahr 1942 verantwortlich waren: Mohler fühlte sich mit Deutschland schicksalhaft verbunden und bewunderte Ernst Jüngers Essay „Der Arbeiter“.
1949 wurde der Bücher- und Augenmensch Mohler bei Hermann Schmalenbach und Karl Jaspers über „Die Konservative Revolution in Deutschland 1918–1932. Grundriß einer Weltanschauung“ (Buchausgabe 1950) promoviert. Mohler ging von der „Annahme der Unvereinbarkeit von Christentum und ‚Konservativer Revolution aus. Mohlers Sympathie für seinen Gegenstand, also die konservativen Revolutionäre, war unverkennbar. Mit seinem Buch wollte er – für eine Doktorarbeit ungewöhnlich – Hilfestellung für die rechte Intelligenz in Deutschland leisten.
Eine Feder des Strauß
1953 ging Mohler als politischer Auslandsberichterstatter der Zürcher Tat nach Paris, von 1955 bis 1960 war er in gleicher Funktion auch für die Zeit tätig, außerdem für Christ und Welt (1960-61). Von 1959 an schrieb er auch für Die Welt, zu der Hans Zehrer ihn geholt hatte. Im Jahr 1964 gestattete er sich unter dem Pseudonym „Michael Hintermwald“ auch journalistische Ausflüge in die Deutsche Nationalzeitung und Soldatenzeitung, eine nicht nachvollziehbare publizistische Fehlleistung.
Ab den 1970er und 1980er Jahren wehte ein unfreierer Wind in der deutschen Publizistik. Mohler veröffentlichte von 1970 bis 1997 vor allem in der Zeitschrift Criticón, einer Art konservatives Sammelbecken, zusammengehalten von dem Genie und dem Geld Caspar von Schrenck-Notzings. Was die Zeitungen anbelangt, konnte er – mit wenigen Ausnahmen – ab 1967 nur noch im Bayernkurier, gelegentlich in der Welt sowie später in der Jungen Freiheit schreiben.
Bevor Mohler politisch weitestgehend kaltgestellt wurde, war er als eine Art politischer Berater von Franz Josef Strauß tätig. In der Zeit von Strauß als Finanzminister in der Großen Koalition (1966–1969) gab es regelmäßige persönliche Kontakte zwischen den beiden. Mohler verfaßte auch Reden für den bayerischen Politiker.
Opfer einer „katholischen“ Intrige?
Daß Mohler schließlich vom Etablierten zum Verfemten wurde, beruhte laut Karlheinz Weißmann auf „einer Intrige Paul Wilhelm Wengers“, den er „zu den wichtigsten katholisch-konservativen Journalisten der Nachkriegszeit“ zählt. Als der „Adenauer-Preis“ der Deutschland-Stiftung im Jahr 1967 an Mohler vergeben werden sollte, „entschloß sich Wenger zu Störmanövern“, so Weißmann: „Wenger wurde bei Androhung einer Geld- oder Haftstrafe untersagt, weiter zu behaupten, daß Mohler von der Schweizer Armee zur Waffen-SS desertiert sei und in seiner Heimat zur ‚Fünften Kolonne’ des Nationalsozialismus gehört habe“. Kampagnen in der linken Presse (Stern, Spiegel, Zeit etc.) folgten. Auch in bürgerlichen Medien wie Christ und Welt und FAZ und der Zeitschrift Civis sah sich Mohler Anfeindungen ausgesetzt. Rückendeckung konnte der „Verfemte“ nur noch von der Welt erwarten.
Daß Mohler von katholischer Seite Widerstand entgegengebracht wurde, darf indes nicht verwundern. Schließlich wollte er Strauß zu einer Art neuem Führer der CSU machen, die ihre katholisch-konservativen Wurzeln kappen und sich zu einer modernen nationalen Partei wandeln sollte. Dieser „Ausflug“ in die Parteipolitik scheiterte jedoch. So war Mohler der Ansicht, daß CDU und CSU absolute Mehrheiten erringen würden, wenn sie sich gegen den Atomsperrvertrag, die „Vergangenheitsbewältigung“, die Mitbestimmung sowie die Aufweichung der Bundeswehr wenden würden. Wahrscheinlich hätte die Union mit solchen Themenschwerpunkten keinen Blumentopf bei den Wählern gewonnen. Hier irrte der Intellektuelle, der sonst so viel Wert auf die Betrachtung der Wirklichkeit richtete, und entpuppte sich als abgehobener Theoretiker.
Abschied aus der Parteienpolitik
Mohler, der Christentum und Konservatismus für unvereinbar hielt, wollte aus der CSU eine Rechtspartei machen. Das Wort „konservativ“ war ihm zu verwaschen. Dabei sollte sie dann auch gleich ihr Tafelsilber verscherbeln, nämlich das seiner Sicht „überholte C“ aufgeben und sich von vermeintlichen klerikalen Bindungen lösen. Als Name für eine solche rechte Parteigründung aus der etablierten C-Partei heraus schwebte ihm der Name „Nationale Volkspartei“ vor.
In den letzten 20, 30 Jahren seines Lebens hat sich Mohler von der Parteipolitik verabschiedet. Er widmete sich seiner Tätigkeit als Geschäftsführer der Siemens-Stiftung und organisierte viel beachtete Vortragsreihen – ohne Scheu vor politisch Andersdenkenden, insofern sie nur interessant waren. Als Herausgeber von über zehn Bänden zu gesellschaftlichen und zeitpolitischen Themen war er überaus produktiv. Neben politischen Themen verfaßte Mohler auch eine große Zahl an Artikeln über Kunst und Literatur und schrieb zahlreiche Buchrezensionen und Portraits, vor allem für Criticón.
Ansgar Lange, Politikwissenschaftler und Publizist, 1971 in Arnsberg/Westfalen geboren, Studium der Politischen Wissenschaft, Geschichte und Germanistik in Bonn. Mit Extremen vertraut, da er die die eine Hälfte seines bisherigen Lebens im Sauerland und die andere Hälfte im Rheinland verbracht hat. Auch wenn er die Nähe zum Rhein und das Leben in der beschaulichen Bundesstadt Bonn schätzt, bleibt er im Grunde seiner Seele weiterhin Westfale und Pilstrinker. Langjährige Tätigkeit als Journalist, in der Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit sowie der Politik.
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